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El balbuceo de un murciélago aprendiendo la voz se asemeja al balbuceo de un bebé humano
Ahana A Fernandez1,2, Lara S Burchardt1,2, Martina Nagy1
1Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 20, 2021
Resumen
Los cachorros de murciélago exhiben balbuceo con ocho características que reflejan el desarrollo vocal del bebé humano. Este descubrimiento abre caminos para la investigación entre especies sobre el aprendizaje vocal y sus mecanismos subyacentes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología comparativa
- La bioacústica
- Lingüística del desarrollo
Sus antecedentes:
- El balbuceo es un hito clave en la producción vocal en el desarrollo del habla infantil.
- La evidencia de balbuceo en mamíferos no humanos es limitada, lo que dificulta las comparaciones entre especies.
- El aprendizaje de la producción vocal se observa en algunos mamíferos no humanos, lo que sugiere el potencial de comportamientos análogos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar y caracterizar el comportamiento de balbuceo de Saccopteryx bilineata (una especie de murciélago capaz de aprendizaje vocal).
- Para comparar las características del balbuceo de los cachorros de murciélago con las del balbuceo de los bebés humanos.
- Explorar el potencial de las comparaciones entre especies de la ontogenia vocal.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de campo de las vocalizaciones balbuceantes de 20 cachorros de murciélago Saccopteryx bilineata.
- Observación de las vocalizaciones durante un período de desarrollo de 3 meses (ontogenia).
- Análisis comparativo de las características acústicas y estructurales del balbuceo del murciélago con los conjuntos de datos de balbuceo del bebé humano.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificó y analizó el comportamiento de balbuceo en cachorros de murciélago Saccopteryx bilineata.
- El balbuceo de los cachorros de murciélago exhibió ocho características distintas, consistentes con las que se encuentran en el balbuceo de los bebés humanos.
- Las características clave como la reduplicación y la ritmicidad estaban presentes en el balbuceo de ambas especies.
Conclusiones:
- El balbuceo no es exclusivo de los bebés humanos y ocurre en al menos un mamífero no humano, Saccopteryx bilineata.
- Las características compartidas en el balbuceo sugieren una evolución convergente o un mecanismo ancestral conservado para el desarrollo vocal.
- Estos hallazgos proporcionan una base para futuras investigaciones sobre los aspectos cognitivos, neuromoleculares y adaptativos del balbuceo entre especies.
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