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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Aprendizaje profundo geométrico de la estructura del ARN

Raphael J L Townshend1, Stephan Eismann1,1,2, Andrew M Watkins3

  • 1Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 27, 2021
PubMed
Resumen

Desarrollamos un método de aprendizaje automático para predecir estructuras de ARN, superando las herramientas existentes. Este enfoque modela con precisión estructuras moleculares complejas utilizando datos mínimos, avanzando el descubrimiento de fármacos y la biología estructural.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología estructural
  • Química computacional
  • Aprendizaje automático

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las estructuras tridimensionales de ARN son cruciales para la función biológica y el descubrimiento de fármacos.
  • Predecir estas estructuras complejas de forma computacional sigue siendo un desafío significativo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar un enfoque de aprendizaje automático para la predicción precisa de la estructura del ARN.
  • Para crear una función de puntuación que supere las limitaciones de datos en los modelos de aprendizaje profundo.

Principales métodos:

  • Introdujo un enfoque de aprendizaje automático utilizando coordenadas atómicas como entrada.
  • Desarrolló el Atomic Rotationally Equivariant Scorer (ARES) sin suposiciones específicas de ARN.
  • Entrenó el modelo en un conjunto de datos limitado de 18 estructuras de ARN conocidas.

Principales resultados:

  • La función de puntuación ARES superó significativamente los métodos anteriores de predicción de la estructura del ARN.
  • El enfoque logró el mejor rendimiento en los desafíos de predicción ciega de toda la comunidad.
  • Aprendizaje efectivo demostrado a partir de pequeños conjuntos de datos, una ventaja clave sobre las redes neuronales profundas estándar.

Conclusiones:

  • El enfoque de aprendizaje automático desarrollado permite una predicción precisa de la estructura del ARN.
  • ARES ofrece una poderosa herramienta para el descubrimiento de fármacos y la investigación en biología estructural.
  • La aplicabilidad del método se extiende a diversos campos científicos más allá de la estructura del ARN.