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Resultados de 1 año en sobrevivientes hospitalizados con COVID-19: un estudio de cohorte longitudinal
Lixue Huang1, Qun Yao2, Xiaoying Gu3
1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
Lancet (London, England)
|August 29, 2021
Resumen
La mayoría de los sobrevivientes de COVID-19 se recuperaron bien físicamente y regresaron al trabajo en un año. Sin embargo, los síntomas de COVID-19 a largo plazo como la disnea y la ansiedad persistieron, y las mujeres experimentaron secuelas más graves.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Investigaciones médicas
- Enfermedades infecciosas
- Pulmonología
Sus antecedentes:
- Los efectos a largo plazo de la salud del COVID-19 después del alta hospitalaria siguen siendo incompletamente entendidos.
- Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar las consecuencias para la salud de los sobrevivientes de COVID-19 a los 6 y 12 meses después de la aparición de los síntomas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar y comparar de manera exhaustiva los resultados de salud física, funcional y mental de los sobrevivientes hospitalarios de COVID-19 a los 6 y 12 meses.
- Identificar los factores de riesgo para los síntomas persistentes y la calidad de vida reducida en los sobrevivientes de COVID-19.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de cohorte ambidireccional que involucró a 1276 sobrevivientes de COVID-19 que fueron dados de alta de un hospital de Wuhan.
- El seguimiento incluyó cuestionarios sobre los síntomas y la calidad de vida, exámenes físicos, pruebas funcionales (prueba de caminata de 6 minutos) y evaluaciones de laboratorio.
- Comparación con controles emparejados sin COVID-19 a los 12 meses.
Principales resultados:
- La proporción de supervivientes con al menos un síntoma de secuela disminuyó del 68% a los 6 meses al 49% a los 12 meses.
- Las tasas de disnea y ansiedad/ depresión aumentaron ligeramente entre los 6 y 12 meses.
- Las mujeres mostraron probabilidades más altas de fatiga, ansiedad / depresión y deterioro de la difusión en comparación con los hombres.
Conclusiones:
- Los sobrevivientes de COVID-19 demostraron una recuperación significativa en su estado físico y funcional dentro de un año, y la mayoría regresó al trabajo.
- A pesar de la mejora general, un porcentaje notable experimentó síntomas persistentes y su estado de salud se mantuvo por debajo del de la población general.
- Los síntomas específicos como la disnea y los problemas de salud mental requieren un monitoreo y apoyo continuos para los sobrevivientes de COVID-19.
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