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Enfermedad mental y suicidio entre los médicos

Samuel B Harvey¹, Ronald M Epstein², Nicholas Glozier³

¹Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia.

Lancet (London, England)

|September 5, 2021

Resumen

La salud mental de los médicos es una preocupación significativa, ya que muchos informan un aumento de los síntomas y un mayor riesgo de suicidio. Se necesitan intervenciones organizativas urgentes para mejorar el bienestar de los médicos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Educación médica
Salud pública
Salud en el trabajo

Sus antecedentes:

La salud mental de los médicos ha ganado atención, pero persiste la información errónea.
Los médicos experimentan síntomas significativos de problemas de salud mental y un mayor riesgo de suicidio, especialmente las médicas.
La formación médica actual, las condiciones de trabajo y el apoyo organizativo a menudo son inadecuados.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para revisar la literatura actual sobre la salud mental de los médicos.
Identificar los factores que contribuyen a la mala salud mental entre los médicos.
Proponer un marco basado en la evidencia para las intervenciones.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura sobre la investigación actual sobre la salud mental de los médicos.
Análisis de los factores que afectan el bienestar del médico.
Desarrollo de un marco para intervenciones integradas.

Principales resultados:

Una proporción sustancial de médicos (25-33%) informan un aumento de los síntomas de enfermedad mental.
Los médicos, especialmente las mujeres, se enfrentan a un mayor riesgo de suicidio.
La formación médica y los sistemas de salud existentes contribuyen a estos problemas, exacerbados por la pandemia.

Conclusiones:

La formación de los médicos, las condiciones de trabajo y el apoyo organizativo requieren una mejora significativa.
Se propone un marco integrado de intervenciones individuales y organizativas para las escuelas de medicina, los centros de salud y los organismos profesionales.
Las intervenciones urgentes y multinivel, especialmente a nivel organizativo, son cruciales para proteger la salud mental y el bienestar de los médicos.