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Degradación acelerada y inspirada en ARN del polilactido en el agua de mar
Timo Rheinberger1, Jonas Wolfs2, Agata Paneth3
1Sustainable Polymer Chemistry (SPC), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 4, 2021
Resumen
Los investigadores desarrollaron nuevos polímeros biodegradables mediante la adición de "puntos de ruptura" al polilactido (PLA). Esta innovación acelera el PLA
Área de la Ciencia:
- Química de los polímeros
- Ciencias de los materiales
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
Sus antecedentes:
- La contaminación marina por plástico es un problema medioambiental importante a nivel mundial.
- Los polímeros biodegradables como el polilactido (PLA) ofrecen soluciones potenciales, pero a menudo se degradan demasiado lentamente en entornos marinos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Diseñar derivados de polilactido (PLA) con tasas de degradación ajustables en el agua de mar.
- Abordar el desafío de la lenta degradación de los polímeros biodegradables existentes para aplicaciones marinas.
Principales métodos:
- Incorporación de "puntos de ruptura" de fosfoester en la columna vertebral del PLA, inspirado por la hidrólisis del ARN.
- Copolimización de apertura de anillo aniónico controlada por secuencia de lactida y fosfato cíclico.
- Preparación de PLA con distancias controladas con precisión entre los puntos de aceleración de la degradación.
Principales resultados:
- Desarrolló la primera biblioteca de derivados de PLA con tiempos de degradación ajustables de años a semanas en agua de mar artificial.
- Se ha demostrado una escisión acelerada de la cadena mediante la introducción de enlaces de fosfoesteros.
- Se logró la colocación controlada de los puntos de ruptura a lo largo de la columna vertebral del polímero.
Conclusiones:
- Los nuevos derivados del PLA ofrecen una solución prometedora para reducir la contaminación marina por plástico.
- La estrategia de incorporar "puntos de ruptura" puede aplicarse a otros polímeros que se degradan lentamente.
- Esta investigación permite avanzar en el desarrollo de materiales biodegradables eficaces para el medio marino.
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