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Diseño de polímeros impulsados por entropía resistentes a la adhesión bacteriana a través de reacciones
Guoqiang Liu1, Ziyang Xu2, Xiaobin Dai2
1The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 7, 2021
Resumen
Los nuevos polímeros resisten la adhesión bacteriana sin matar a las bacterias, impidiendo la evolución de las superbacterias. Este avance utiliza "agujas" y "razores" moleculares para mejorar las superficies antiadhesivas duraderas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Química de los polímeros
- Ciencias de los materiales
- Biotecnología
Sus antecedentes:
- La adhesión de bacterias a las superficies plantea riesgos para la salud pública y la seguridad ambiental.
- Las estrategias antimicrobianas existentes pueden contribuir al desarrollo de bacterias resistentes a los antibióticos (superbacterias).
- Se necesitan nuevos enfoques no bactericidas para prevenir la adhesión bacteriana.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar nuevos polímeros no bactericidas que resistan la adhesión bacteriana.
- Para imitar los mecanismos físicos de antiadhesión observados en los nanomateriales de carbono.
- Para crear materiales avanzados para prevenir la contaminación bacteriana.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó reacciones multicomponentes (MCR) para sintetizar polímeros con "agujas" y "razores" moleculares en cadenas laterales.
- Empleó simulaciones por computadora para comprender las interacciones impulsadas por la entropía entre las estructuras de polímeros y las membranas bacterianas.
- Se han desarrollado películas poliméricas mediante mezcla con poliuretano y se ha probado la resistencia al desgaste de las propiedades antiadhesivas.
Principales resultados:
- Ha sintetizado con éxito polímeros que incorporan "agujas" moleculares (cadenas alifáticas rígidas) y "razores" (estructuras multicomponentes).
- Las simulaciones por computadora confirmaron que las interacciones impulsadas por la entropía mejoran la resistencia bacteriana.
- Las películas poliméricas mezcladas demostraron una estabilidad superior contra la adhesión bacteriana después del desgaste en comparación con la tecnología comercial Sharklet.
Conclusiones:
- Desarrolló una nueva estrategia para diseñar polímeros no bactericidas impulsados por la entropía resistentes a la adhesión bacteriana.
- Demostró el potencial de las MCR y las simulaciones por ordenador en la creación de materiales antiadhesivos avanzados.
- Abrió el camino para el diseño de novo de polímeros para combatir la contaminación bacteriana sin promover la resistencia.
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