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Heurística en la sala de parto
1College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
Resumen
Los médicos pueden usar un atajo de decisión, o heurística, al elegir entre el parto vaginal o la cesárea. Este estudio encontró que una complicación previa del paciente puede influir inadecuadamente en el médico
Área de la Ciencia:
- Obstetricia y ginecología
- La toma de decisiones médicas
- Investigación en servicios de salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Las decisiones clínicas en el trabajo de parto y el parto son de alto riesgo, a menudo hechas bajo presión e incertidumbre.
- Las teorías de toma de decisiones sugieren que las heurísticas (reglas simplificadas) pueden emplearse en tales entornos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si las decisiones de los médicos sobre el modo de parto (vaginal o cesárea) están influenciadas por una heurística específica.
- Determinar si los resultados previos del paciente afectan las opciones posteriores de modo de entrega.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los registros electrónicos de salud de 86 mil partos.
- Examen estadístico de la relación entre las complicaciones previas del paciente y la selección posterior del modo de entrega.
Principales resultados:
- Los médicos eran más propensos a cambiar los modos de administración para los pacientes posteriores si el paciente anterior experimentó complicaciones.
- Este cambio de modo se produjo independientemente de las indicaciones médicas específicas del paciente actual.
- La evidencia sugiere que esta heurística conduce a resultados de salud pequeños y subóptimos para los pacientes.
Conclusiones:
- Los médicos pueden utilizar una heurística en la toma de decisiones de modo de entrega, influenciados por la historia reciente del paciente.
- Este patrón de toma de decisiones puede conducir a una selección inadecuada del modo de entrega y afectar negativamente a la salud del paciente.
- Se necesita más investigación para mitigar el sesgo heurístico en entornos clínicos de alta presión.
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