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Reconstrucción genómica de la epidemia de SARS-CoV-2 en Inglaterra
Harald S Vöhringer1, Theo Sanderson2,3, Matthew Sinnott2
1European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, UK.
Nature
|October 14, 2021
Resumen
La vigilancia genómica reveló la dinámica de las variantes del SARS-CoV-2 en Inglaterra. La variante Alpha aumentó durante los cierres, mientras que las variantes posteriores como Delta se extendieron rápidamente, dominando en junio de 2021.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología
- Epidemiología
- Vigilancia genómica
Sus antecedentes:
- El coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2) evoluciona continuamente, lo que requiere el seguimiento de nuevas variantes.
- La vigilancia genómica es crucial para comprender la propagación viral e informar las intervenciones de salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para reconstruir la dinámica epidemiológica de 71 linajes de SARS-CoV-2 en Inglaterra desde septiembre de 2020 hasta junio de 2021.
- Caracterizar la transmisibilidad y la trayectoria evolutiva de las principales variantes del SARS-CoV-2, incluidas las Alpha y Delta.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó datos de vigilancia genómica densa del Consorcio de Genómica del Reino Unido para la COVID-19.
- Analizó la prevalencia y la dinámica de 71 linajes distintos de SARS-CoV-2 en 315 autoridades locales inglesas.
- Se utilizaron métodos estadísticos para evaluar la transmisibilidad de las variantes, teniendo en cuenta las introducciones.
Principales resultados:
- Se han observado distintas subepidemias, con un aumento significativo de la transmisibilidad atribuido a la variante B.1.1.7/Alfa durante los cierres.
- Se identificaron variantes con la mutación E484K que persistieron a pesar de las restricciones, aunque su transmisibilidad fue menor que la de Alpha.
- Introducciones repetidas documentadas y rápido crecimiento de la variante B.1.617.2/Delta, que comprende el 98% de los genomas a fines de junio de 2021.
Conclusiones:
- La variante Alpha demostró una mayor transmisibilidad y resistencia durante los períodos de medidas estrictas de salud pública.
- Las variantes que surgieron después de Alpha, aunque persistentes, no superaron la transmisibilidad de Alpha sin tener en cuenta las introducciones.
- La rápida expansión de la variante Delta pone de relieve el desafío continuo de controlar la evolución y la propagación del SARS-CoV-2.
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