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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.1K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Edición de esqueletos de polímero a través de reordenamientos de arroyos aniónicos

Maxim Ratushnyy1, Aleksandr V Zhukhovitskiy1

  • 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 22, 2021
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Este estudio demuestra la metamorfosis de la columna vertebral del polímero utilizando el reordenamiento aniónico 1,2-Brook de los grupos de silano acilo. Este proceso transforma el polietileno en éter de polietileno, creando nuevos polímeros que contienen silicio.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química de los polímeros
  • Química del silicio orgánico
  • Síntesis orgánica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las fracciones de acil silano pueden incorporarse a las columnas vertebrales del polímero.
  • El reordenamiento de 1,2-Brook es una reacción conocida en química orgánica.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para demostrar la metamorfosis de la columna vertebral del polímero a través de la reorganización aniónica de 1,2-Brook de las fracciones de acil silano.
  • Para explorar la síntesis de nuevos polímeros que contienen silicio con estructuras de columna vertebral únicas.

Principales métodos:

  • Copolimización de la metatesis del dieno acíclico (ADMET) para introducir la funcionalidad del silano acílico en las columnas vertebrales del polímero.
  • Tratamiento de los copolímeros resultantes con especies de organolitio y cianuro como nucleófilos para desencadenar la reorganización de 1,2-Brook.
  • Interceptación de los intermediarios del carbanión con los electrofilos de las cetonas.

Principales resultados:

  • Logró el primer ejemplo de metamorfosis de la columna vertebral del polímero impulsada por el reordenamiento aniónico 1,2-Brook.
  • Transformación exitosa de poli (ácil) silano en poli (ácil) éter con una alta eficiencia.
  • Polímeros sintetizados con centros estereogénicos cuaternarios y funcionalidad colgante mediante la interceptación de carbaniones intermedios.

Conclusiones:

  • La metamorfosis de la columna vertebral del polímero a través del reordenamiento de 1,2-Brook ofrece una nueva ruta sintética para los polímeros que contienen silicio.
  • Este enfoque permite el acceso a estructuras de polímeros no alcanzables mediante métodos tradicionales.
  • La edición estructural de las columnas vertebrales del polímero abre nuevas posibilidades retrosintéticas.