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Codificación de información en circuitos cuánticos
Xiao Mi1, Pedram Roushan1, Chris Quintana1
1Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 28, 2021
Resumen
Los investigadores estudiaron experimentalmente la codificación cuántica en un procesador cuántico de 53 qubits. Observaron la propagación y el entrelazamiento del operador, encontrando que el entrelazamiento requiere recursos clásicos significativos para simular, a diferencia de la propagación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencia de la información cuántica
- La computación cuántica
- Física de la materia condensada
Sus antecedentes:
- La información cuántica se propaga a través de las interacciones en los sistemas cuánticos, un proceso llamado codificación cuántica.
- La comprensión de la codificación cuántica es crucial para abordar las cuestiones fundamentales de la física.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar experimentalmente la dinámica de la codificación cuántica utilizando correlatores fuera del orden temporal.
- Para distinguir y observar las firmas de la dispersión del operador y el entrelazamiento del operador en circuitos cuánticos.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó un procesador cuántico de 53 qubits para medir la evolución dependiente del tiempo y las fluctuaciones de los correlatores fuera del orden temporal.
- Los circuitos cuánticos específicos diseñados para diferenciar entre la difusión del operador y la dinámica de entrelazamiento del operador.
Principales resultados:
- Experimentalmente se han observado firmas distintas para la dispersión y el entrelazamiento del operador.
- Demostrado que la extensión del operador se puede modelar de manera eficiente clásica.
- Mostró que la simulación del entrelazamiento de operadores en circuitos idealizados requiere recursos computacionales clásicos a escala exponencial.
Conclusiones:
- La investigación experimental proporciona una visión de la compleja dinámica de la codificación cuántica.
- Los hallazgos destacan los desafíos computacionales asociados con la simulación del entrelazamiento cuántico.
- Abre el camino para utilizar procesadores cuánticos a corto plazo para estudiar observables físicos complejos.
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