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Combustibles derivados de la luz solar y del aire
Remo Schäppi1, David Rutz1, Fabian Dähler1
1Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Nature
|November 4, 2021
Resumen
Los investigadores desarrollaron un sistema solar a escala piloto para crear combustibles neutros en carbono a partir del agua atmosférica y el dióxido de carbono. Esta tecnología ofrece una alternativa sostenible para la aviación y el transporte marítimo, abordando las importantes emisiones de CO2.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Energía sostenible
- Ingeniería química
- Química atmosférica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los sectores de transporte como la aviación y el transporte marítimo contribuyen significativamente a las emisiones mundiales de CO2.
- Existen limitaciones actuales para la electrificación en el transporte de larga distancia, lo que requiere soluciones alternativas de combustibles sostenibles.
- Los procesos termoquímicos impulsados por el sol ofrecen una vía prometedora para producir combustibles líquidos neutrales en carbono.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Demostrar el funcionamiento integrado de una cadena completa de producción de combustible solar.
- Para sintetizar los combustibles de transporte de caída utilizando agua y dióxido de carbono capturado directamente del aire ambiente.
- Evaluar la viabilidad y los requisitos para la comercialización de combustibles solares.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó un sistema solar modular de escala piloto térmica de 5 kW en condiciones de campo.
- Se utiliza una vía termoquímica que utiliza radiación solar concentrada para el calor de proceso a alta temperatura.
- Captura directa integrada de agua (H2O) y dióxido de carbono (CO2) para las materias primas.
Principales resultados:
- Ha operado con éxito toda la cadena de producción de combustible solar, desde la captura de aire hasta la síntesis de combustible.
- Combustibles producidos para el transporte, incluidos el metanol y el queroseno.
- Demostró el potencial de ubicar conjuntamente el abastecimiento de materias primas y la producción de combustibles en regiones áridas.
Conclusiones:
- El sistema integrado de producción de combustible solar está operativo y es capaz de producir combustibles de descarga neutrales en carbono.
- La investigación, el desarrollo, los estudios de viabilidad económica y las políticas de apoyo son cruciales para la introducción en el mercado.
- Esta tecnología presenta una solución viable para la descarbonización de las industrias de la aviación y el transporte marítimo.
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