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Simbiosis de fijación de nitrógeno de tipo terrestre entre hierba marina y una bacteria marina

Wiebke Mohr¹, Nadine Lehnen², Soeren Ahmerkamp²

¹Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany. wmohr@mpi-bremen.de.

|November 4, 2021

Resumen

Un recién descubierto simbionte fijador de nitrógeno, Candidatus Celerinatantimonas neptuna, vive dentro de las raíces de hierba marina, proporcionando nutrientes esenciales. Esta simbiosis ayuda a las praderas marinas a prosperar en entornos marinos limitados en nitrógeno.

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología marina
Interacciones entre plantas y microbios
Fijación simbiótica del nitrógeno

Sus antecedentes:

Los microorganismos fijadores de nitrógeno son vitales para la asimilación de nitrógeno en los eucariotas, especialmente en los ecosistemas limitados en nitrógeno.
Las asociaciones simbióticas íntimas entre los microbios fijadores de nitrógeno y las plantas son comunes en los linajes terrestres, pero están mal descritas en las hierbas marinas.
Las hierbas marinas evolucionaron a partir de plantas terrestres con flores que regresaron a los ambientes marinos hace aproximadamente 100 millones de años.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para describir un nuevo simbionte fijador de nitrógeno asociado con las hierbas marinas.
Para aclarar la naturaleza de la relación simbiótica y su contribución a la salud de las hierbas marinas.
Para explorar las implicaciones ecológicas y evolutivas de esta simbiosis.

Principales métodos:

Examen microscópico de los tejidos de las raíces de hierba marina.
Identificación y caracterización del microorganismo simbiótico.
Análisis metabólico para determinar el intercambio de nutrientes entre el huésped y el simbionte.

Principales resultados:

Descubrimiento del "Candidatus Celerinatantimonas neptuna" como simbionte fijador de N2 dentro de las raíces de las hierbas marinas.
La demostración de que Ca. C. neptuna proporciona amoníaco y aminoácidos a su huésped a cambio de azúcares.
Esta simbiosis apoya la productividad de los prados de Posidonia oceanica en el mar Mediterráneo limitado por el nitrógeno.

Conclusiones:

La simbiosis descubierta es análoga a las simbiosis de plantas fijadoras de N2 terrestres.
Esta simbiosis probablemente jugó un papel en la adaptación de las plantas con flores a los hábitats marinos pobres en nitrógeno, formando ecosistemas cruciales de carbono azul.
Los parientes de Ca. C. neptuna está muy extendida y puede participar en simbiosis similares con otras plantas marinas y costeras a nivel mundial.

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