Jove
Visualize
Contáctanos
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ACERCA DE JoVE
Visión GeneralLiderazgoBlogCentro de Ayuda JoVE
AUTORES
Proceso de PublicaciónConsejo EditorialAlcance y PolíticasRevisión por ParesPreguntas FrecuentesEnviar
BIBLIOTECARIOS
TestimoniosSuscripcionesAccesoRecursosConsejo Asesor de BibliotecasPreguntas Frecuentes
INVESTIGACIÓN
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchivo
EDUCACIÓN
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualCentro de Recursos para ProfesoresSitio de Profesores
Términos y Condiciones de Uso
Política de Privacidad
Políticas

Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

2.2K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
2.2K
Radical Reactivity: Electrophilic Radicals01:02

Radical Reactivity: Electrophilic Radicals

2.0K
Radicals adjacent to electron‐withdrawing groups are called electrophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with nucleophilic alkenes. For example, the malonate radical, in which the radical center is flanked by two electron‐withdrawing groups, reacts readily with butyl vinyl ether, which consists of an electron‐donating oxygen substituent. The reaction between electrophilic malonate radical and nucleophilic vinyl ether is favored because the radical has a...
2.0K
Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

2.5K
The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
2.5K
Radical Substitution: Halogenation of Alkanes and Alkyl Substituents01:27

Radical Substitution: Halogenation of Alkanes and Alkyl Substituents

8.8K
In the presence of heat or light, alkanes react with molecular halogens to form alkyl halides by a substitution reaction called radical halogenation. This reaction has three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination, as seen in the radical chlorination of methane to produce methyl chloride.
In the initiation step of the reaction, the chlorine molecule undergoes homolytic cleavage in the presence of light or heat, forming two highly reactive chlorine radicals. Propagation occurs in two...
8.8K
Radical Formation: Elimination00:51

Radical Formation: Elimination

1.9K
Another method of radical formation is the elimination process. It is the opposite of the addition route and is driven by the instability of the radical. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, dibenzoyl peroxide yields a pair of unstable radicals upon homolysis. Given its instability, this radical spontaneously undergoes elimination via a C–C bond cleavage to form a relatively more stable phenyl radical. The mechanism involves cleavage of the bond between the α and β positions...
1.9K
Radical Formation: Addition00:47

Radical Formation: Addition

1.9K
Radicals can be formed by adding a radical to a spin-paired molecule. This is typically observed with unsaturated species, where the addition of a radical across the π bond leads to the production of a new radical by dissolving the π bond. For example, the addition of a Br radical to an alkene yields a carbon-centered radical.
Similar to charge conservation in chemical reactions, spin conservation is implicit for radical reactions. Accordingly, the product formed must possess an...
1.9K

También podría leer

Artículos Relacionados

Artículos vinculados a este trabajo por autores compartidos, revista y gráfico de citas.

Ordenar por
Same author

Atmospheric Chemistry Insights from the Global COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

Changes in Volatile Organic Compound Composition from an Oxidation-Based Air Cleaner.

ACS ES&T air·2025
Same author

Nitrogen dominates global atmospheric organic aerosol absorption.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Organic aerosol formation from 222 nm germicidal light: ozone-initiated <i>vs.</i> non-ozone pathways.

Environmental science. Processes & impacts·2024
Same author

Enhanced Organic Nitrate Formation from Peroxy Radicals in the Condensed Phase.

Environmental science & technology letters·2024
Same author

Can we achieve atmospheric chemical environments in the laboratory? An integrated model-measurement approach to chamber SOA studies.

Science advances·2024
Same journal

Erratum for the Research Article "Detecting supramolecular organic nanoparticles during heat wave".

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Local signals, systemic decline.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

The mechanics of liver regeneration.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Computing in a memory with physics.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Retraction.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Making time.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Ver todos los artículos relacionados

Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

A Protocol for Detecting and Scavenging Gas-phase Free Radicals in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke
09:23

A Protocol for Detecting and Scavenging Gas-phase Free Radicals in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke

Published on: January 2, 2012

19.5K

Un cambio radical en la contaminación del aire

Colette L Heald1, Jesse H Kroll2

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachussets Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 4, 2021
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los radicales hidroxilo impulsan la química de la troposfera. Este descubrimiento fundamental de Levy hace 50 años continúa dando forma a nuestra comprensión de la ciencia atmosférica.

Más Videos Relacionados

Exploring the Radical Nature of a Carbon Surface by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and a Calibrated Gas Flow
10:34

Exploring the Radical Nature of a Carbon Surface by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and a Calibrated Gas Flow

Published on: April 24, 2014

10.9K
Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
09:33

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India

Published on: December 23, 2022

2.4K

Videos de Experimentos Relacionados

Last Updated: Oct 14, 2025

A Protocol for Detecting and Scavenging Gas-phase Free Radicals in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke
09:23

A Protocol for Detecting and Scavenging Gas-phase Free Radicals in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke

Published on: January 2, 2012

19.5K
Exploring the Radical Nature of a Carbon Surface by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and a Calibrated Gas Flow
10:34

Exploring the Radical Nature of a Carbon Surface by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and a Calibrated Gas Flow

Published on: April 24, 2014

10.9K
Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
09:33

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India

Published on: December 23, 2022

2.4K

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química de la atmósfera
  • Ciencias del medio ambiente

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los procesos químicos de la troposfera son cruciales para la calidad del aire y el clima.
  • Comprender las especies reactivas clave es fundamental para el modelado atmosférico.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para resaltar el trabajo seminal de Levy en la identificación de los radicales hidroxilo.
  • Para subrayar la importancia de los radicales hidroxilo en la química troposférica.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión histórica de la investigación en química atmosférica.
  • Análisis de las publicaciones clave en química troposférica.

Principales resultados:

  • La investigación de Levy en la década de 1970 identificó los radicales hidroxilo (OH) como el oxidante principal en la troposfera.
  • Este hallazgo estableció la base para la química atmosférica moderna.

Conclusiones:

  • La identificación de los radicales hidroxilo revolucionó el campo de la química atmosférica.
  • Este descubrimiento sigue siendo una piedra angular para la investigación sobre la contaminación del aire y el cambio climático.