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Segmentación dinámica de la losa debido a daños por ductilidad en la elevación exterior
T V Gerya1, D Bercovici2, T W Becker3,4,5
1Department of Earth Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. tgerya@ethz.ch.
Nature
|November 11, 2021
Resumen
La flexión de la placa en las trincheras causa daños, lo que lleva al debilitamiento y segmentación de la losa. Este fenómeno explica las características clave de la subducción y sugiere eventos frecuentes de ruptura de losas en la historia de la Tierra.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica
- Tectónica
- Ciencias de la Tierra
Sus antecedentes:
- La subducción es un conductor primario de la tectónica de placas y la evolución termoquímica de la Tierra.
- Las placas de subducción sufren fallas normales significativas durante la flexión en la elevación externa y las zanjas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las consecuencias del daño de la placa inducido por la flexión en la dinámica de la subducción.
- Modele la interacción entre la deformación frágil y la ductile, incluido el daño del grano, durante la subducción.
Principales métodos:
- Modelado numérico de subducción.
- Seguimiento autoconsistente de la deformación frágil y dúctil, incluido el daño del grano.
- Análisis del debilitamiento y segmentación de la losa.
Principales resultados:
- El debilitamiento y la segmentación generalizadas de la losa se producen debido a la localización de daños frágiles y dúctiles acoplados en la elevación externa.
- Este fenómeno de daño de la losa explica la dicotomía placa fuerte / losa débil, el desarrollo normal de fallas, anomalías sísmicas y reducciones de viscosidad cerca de trincheras.
- Las losas dañadas por la fragilidad y la viscosidad tienden a desprenderse a temperaturas más altas del manto.
Conclusiones:
- El daño inducido por la flexión es un proceso clave que controla las características de la zona de subducción.
- Los hallazgos concilian las observaciones de placas fuertes y placas débiles, fallas, anomalías sísmicas y variaciones de viscosidad.
- La subducción intermitente con rupturas frecuentes de losas puede haber sido más común a lo largo de la historia de la Tierra de lo que se pensaba anteriormente.
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