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Deconstrucción cardiofaríngea y sesilidad de túnica ancestral
Alfonso Ferrández-Roldán1,2, Marc Fabregà-Torrus1,2, Gaspar Sánchez-Serna1,2
1Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Nature
|November 18, 2021
Resumen
Los apendiculares evolucionaron perdiendo genes ancestrales, deconstruyendo su red reguladora de genes cardiofaríngeos. Esto apoya un cambio evolutivo de estilos de vida sésiles a libres en los tunicados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva
- Biología del desarrollo
- La genética
Sus antecedentes:
- La evolución de los estilos de vida cordados, particularmente la sesilidad en los ascidios frente al estilo apendicular de vida libre, es una pregunta clave.
- Se supone que la red reguladora de genes cardiofaríngeos es crucial para comprender la evolución del estilo de vida de los cordones.
- La comprensión de la evolución de la red reguladora de genes proporciona información sobre la transición entre diferentes estrategias de vida.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel de la red reguladora de genes cardiofaríngeos en la divergencia evolutiva de los estilos de vida de los tunicados.
- Para determinar si el estilo de vida libre apendicular es un rasgo primitivo o derivado dentro de los tunicados.
- Para aclarar la base genética de la transición de los estilos de vida sedentarios a los pelágicos.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis genómico comparativo de los genes cardiofaríngeos en los tunicados.
- Investigar las pérdidas de genes y los cambios de subfunción dentro de la red reguladora de genes cardiofaríngeos.
- La reconstrucción de las redes reguladoras de genes ancestrales y la evolución del estilo de vida.
Principales resultados:
- Los apendiculares muestran pérdidas ancestrales masivas de genes y subfunciones cardiofaríngeas.
- Esta pérdida de genes condujo a la deconstrucción de los módulos de red reguladora de genes cardiofaríngeos tunicados ancestrales.
- La deconstrucción implicó la pérdida del desarrollo muscular del sifón, lo que sugiere que los túnicos ancestrales eran sesílicos.
- La deconstrucción genética aceleró la cardiogénesis y rediseñó el corazón en los apendiculares para un estilo de vida pelágico.
Conclusiones:
- La evolución de los apendiculares implicó una pérdida significativa de genes y la "deconstrucción" de las redes reguladoras de genes ancestrales.
- Esta remodelación genética apoya una trayectoria evolutiva desde los ancestros sedentarios, similares a los ascidios, hasta la forma apendicular de vida libre.
- Los hallazgos proporcionan una explicación genética para la radiación adaptativa de los tunicados y sus diversos estilos de vida.
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