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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Copolímeros de bloque ABC y ABAB por polimerización de apertura de anillo controlada electroquímicamente

Zachary C Hern1, Stephanie M Quan1, Ruxi Dai1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 18, 2021
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores desarrollaron un método controlado electroquímicamente para sintetizar copolímeros de varios bloques. Esta técnica utiliza cambios de estado redox en un catalizador para controlar la selección de monómeros, lo que permite la creación de arquitecturas de polímeros complejos en una olla.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química de los polímeros
  • Química organometálica
  • La electroquímica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los copolímeros de múltiples bloques ofrecen propiedades materiales únicas, pero su síntesis puede ser compleja.
  • Las técnicas de polimerización controlada son cruciales para el diseño de arquitecturas poliméricas avanzadas.
  • La manipulación del estado redox del catalizador presenta un nuevo enfoque para controlar la síntesis de polímeros.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para reportar una síntesis controlada electroquímicamente de copolímeros de varios bloques.
  • Demostrar el uso de estados redox alternados del catalizador para la incorporación selectiva de monómeros.
  • Para preparar varias estructuras de copolímero de varios bloques utilizando el método de una sola olla.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis electroquímica utilizando un electrodo de trabajo de carbono vidrioso.
  • Cambio del potencial in situ para alterar el estado de oxidación del catalizador.
  • Adición secuencial de monómeros (l-lactídeo, β-butirolactona y óxido de ciclohexeno).

Principales resultados:

  • Sintetizó con éxito varios copolímeros multibloqueados, incluidas las estructuras tetrabloqueadas ABAB y tribloqueadas ABC.
  • Se logra el control de la selectividad del monómero mediante la modulación del estado redox del catalizador.
  • Polímeros producidos con dispersiones moderadamente estrechas (1.1-1.5) y pesos moleculares de 7 a 26 kDa.

Conclusiones:

  • El control electroquímico ofrece un método viable y versátil para sintetizar copolímeros de varios bloques.
  • Esta técnica permite un control preciso de la arquitectura y la composición del polímero.
  • El método es comparable a los enfoques tradicionales de reactivos redox químicos.