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CFT focuses on...
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Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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Orden de estado propio cristalino en un procesador cuántico

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Los investigadores observaron experimentalmente un cristal de tiempo discreto (DTC) en un sistema localizado de muchos cuerpos. Esta fase de no equilibrio exhibe un orden espacio-temporal único, distinto de los estados de equilibrio, utilizando qubits superconductores.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La física cuántica
  • Física de la materia condensada
  • Ciencias de la información cuántica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los sistemas cuánticos de muchos cuerpos exhiben fases complejas en equilibrio.
  • Los sistemas de no equilibrio pueden albergar nuevas fases dinámicas, como los cristales de tiempo discretos (DTC).
  • Observar estas fases dinámicas experimentalmente es un desafío debido a los comportamientos transitorios.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para observar experimentalmente un cristal de tiempo discreto localizado de muchos cuerpos (MBL-DTC).
  • Demostrar la respuesta espacio-temporal característica de los MBL-DTC para los estados iniciales genéricos.
  • Establecer un método escalable para el estudio de fases de no equilibrio en procesadores cuánticos.

Principales métodos:

  • Implementación de puertas de fase controlada sintonizables (CPHASE) en qubits superconductores.
  • Utilizando un protocolo de inversión de tiempo para evaluar los efectos de decoherencia.
  • Empleando la tipicidad cuántica para superar los desafíos en el muestreo espectral.
  • Realización de análisis experimental de tamaño finito para localizar las transiciones de fase.

Principales resultados:

  • Observación experimental de un MBL-DTC en una matriz de qubits superconductores.
  • Demostración de la respuesta espacio-temporal característica del MBL-DTC para los estados iniciales genéricos.
  • Cuantificación exitosa del impacto de la descoherencia y la ubicación de la transición de fase.

Conclusiones:

  • Este trabajo proporciona evidencia experimental para las MBL-DTC como una fase distinta de no equilibrio.
  • Los métodos desarrollados ofrecen un enfoque escalable para el estudio de nuevos fenómenos de no equilibrio.
  • Los hallazgos avanzan en la comprensión de las fases cuánticas más allá del equilibrio térmico.