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Nutrición en el crecimiento y desarrollo de los adolescentes
Shane A Norris1, Edward A Frongillo2, Maureen M Black3
1SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Global Health Research Institute, School of Health and Human Development, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 2, 2021
Resumen
La nutrición de los adolescentes es fundamental para la salud de toda la vida y las generaciones futuras, sin embargo, no se ha investigado lo suficiente y las políticas la han descuidado. La optimización de la nutrición durante esta fase de crecimiento sensible afecta la pubertad, la salud adulta y el desarrollo fisiológico general.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Biología del desarrollo
- Ciencias de la nutrición
Sus antecedentes:
- La adolescencia es un período crítico de crecimiento con implicaciones duraderas para la salud.
- Los actuales entornos alimentarios presentan una doble carga de desnutrición y obesidad.
- La investigación en nutrición adolescente y el desarrollo de políticas carecen de recursos suficientes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Destacar el profundo y multifacético impacto de la nutrición en el desarrollo de los adolescentes.
- Hacer hincapié en la necesidad de políticas nutricionales integradas que respondan a las necesidades de los adolescentes.
- Subrayar las consecuencias a largo plazo para la salud del estado nutricional durante la adolescencia.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura y síntesis de las investigaciones existentes sobre la nutrición en adolescentes.
- Análisis de la interacción entre la nutrición, el crecimiento y los sistemas fisiológicos.
- Examen de las lagunas políticas y de la falta de inversión en la investigación sobre la nutrición de los adolescentes.
Principales resultados:
- La nutrición influye significativamente en el momento de la pubertad, la composición corporal y el riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles en adultos.
- El desarrollo adolescente, incluido el desarrollo neurológico y la inmunidad, es sensible al estado nutricional.
- El embarazo precoz en la adolescencia plantea riesgos tanto para la madre adolescente como para la siguiente generación.
Conclusiones:
- La adolescencia es una fase crucial del desarrollo, sensible a la nutrición.
- La mejora de la nutrición durante la adolescencia produce amplios beneficios para la salud individual y pública.
- Se necesitan con urgencia políticas integradas basadas en la evidencia para abordar los desafíos nutricionales de los adolescentes.
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