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Cribado e intervenciones para prevenir la caries dental en niños menores de 5 años: Declaración de recomendación del
, Karina W Davidson1, Michael J Barry2
1Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York.
JAMA
|December 7, 2021
Resumen
La prevención de la caries dental en la primera infancia es crucial. El Grupo de Trabajo de Servicios Preventivos de los Estados Unidos recomienda suplementos de fluoruro para niños con agua baja en fluoruro y barniz de fluoruro para todos los niños menores de cinco años.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Odontología pediátrica
- Cuidados de salud preventivos
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La caries dental es la enfermedad crónica más común en los niños estadounidenses.
- La prevalencia es desproporcionadamente mayor entre los niños negros mexicanos y no hispanos.
- La caries en la primera infancia está relacionada con resultados adversos de salud, desarrollo y académicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Actualizar las recomendaciones sobre la prevención de la caries dental en niños menores de cinco años.
- Revisión sistemática encargada por el Grupo de Trabajo de Servicios Preventivos de los Estados Unidos (USPSTF).
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de las pruebas de detección y las intervenciones para la prevención de la caries dental.
- Centrado en niños asintomáticos menores de 5 años.
Principales resultados:
- Beneficio neto moderado de la suplementación oral de fluoruro para niños de más de 6 meses en áreas con bajo contenido de fluoruro.
- Beneficio neto moderado del barniz de fluoruro para todos los niños menores de cinco años.
- No hay pruebas suficientes sobre el cribado oral de rutina por parte de los médicos de atención primaria.
Conclusiones:
- Se recomienda la suplementación oral de fluoruro para los niños elegibles a partir de los 6 meses.
- Se recomienda la aplicación de barniz de fluoruro para todos los bebés y niños en la erupción de los dientes primarios.
- La evidencia es insuficiente para recomendar el cribado oral de rutina por parte de los médicos de atención primaria.
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