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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Video Experimental Relacionado

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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Viroterapia oncolítica como inmunoterapia

Alan Melcher1, Kevin Harrington1, Richard Vile2

  • 1The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 9, 2021
PubMed
Resumen

Comprender las respuestas inmunes a la viroterapia oncolítica es clave. Este conocimiento permite el desarrollo de nuevas terapias combinadas para el tratamiento del cáncer.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Inmunología
  • En el campo de la oncología
  • Virología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La viroterapia oncolítica utiliza virus para infectar y destruir selectivamente las células cancerosas.
  • La eficacia de los virus oncolíticos puede estar significativamente influenciada por el sistema inmunológico del huésped.
  • La identificación y caracterización de las respuestas inmunes es crucial para optimizar las estrategias de tratamiento.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para explorar el papel de las respuestas inmunes en la viroterapia oncolítica.
  • Investigar posibles efectos sinérgicos al combinar la viroterapia oncolítica con otros tratamientos.
  • Establecer las bases para el desarrollo de nuevas inmunoterapias combinadas.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de la infiltración y activación de células inmunes en microambientes tumorales.

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  • Evaluación de los perfiles de citoquinas y quimiocinas.
  • Evaluación del crecimiento tumoral y la supervivencia en modelos preclínicos.

    • Principales resultados:

    • Se identificaron poblaciones específicas de células inmunes y vías de señalización como mediadores críticos de la eficacia de la viroterapia oncolítica.
    • La evidencia sugiere que la modulación de las respuestas inmunes puede mejorar la oncolisis viral.
    • Los datos preliminares indican la posibilidad de estrategias combinadas.

    Conclusiones:

    • El reconocimiento inmune de la viroterapia oncolítica es un determinante crítico del éxito.
    • Dirigir o aumentar estas respuestas inmunes es prometedor para mejorar los resultados terapéuticos.
    • Se necesitan más investigaciones sobre las terapias combinadas.