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El criptón del manto profundo revela la temprana acumulación de materia carbonácea de la Tierra
Sandrine Péron1, Sujoy Mukhopadhyay2, Mark D Kurz3
1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA. scperon@ucdavis.edu.
Nature
|December 16, 2021
Resumen
Los isótopos de criptón de las plumas del manto profundo sugieren que la Tierra temprana acumuló material carbonoso. Este hallazgo indica una acreción simultánea de elementos volátiles y refractarios de múltiples fuentes, que potencialmente incluyen planetesimales del Sistema Solar exterior.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias planetarias
- Geoquímica
- Cosmoquímica
Sus antecedentes:
- Comprender el origen y la entrega de volátiles (carbono, nitrógeno, agua) a la Tierra es crucial para comprender el desarrollo de planetas habitables.
- Los mecanismos de entrega volátiles a la Tierra siguen siendo un tema de debate científico.
- Los isótopos de criptón ofrecen información valiosa sobre la entrega volátil debido a las variaciones isotópicas significativas en diferentes fuentes extraterrestres.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar las fuentes y el momento de la entrega volátil a la Tierra usando isótopos de criptón.
- Para analizar los isótopos de criptón en el manto primitivo para evitar la contaminación atmosférica.
- Para restringir los modelos de acreción de la Tierra y el inventario volátil.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis del conjunto completo de isótopos de criptón de muestras del manto profundo de las columnas de Galápagos e Islandia.
- Comparación de las composiciones isotópicas medidas de criptón con los depósitos extraterrestres conocidos (condritas) y la atmósfera de la Tierra.
- Utilizando muestras con composiciones isotópicas primitivas de helio, neón y tungsteno.
Principales resultados:
- Las composiciones isotópicas de criptón en las plumas estudiadas, a excepción de 86Kr, se asemejan a una mezcla de criptón cóndrico y atmosférico.
- Estos hallazgos apoyan la acreción temprana de material carbonoso por la proto-Tierra.
- Se observó un déficit notable en 86Kr rico en neutrones en fuentes de manto profundo en comparación con los meteoritos carbonáceos, lo que sugiere una anomalía nucleosintética.
Conclusiones:
- Los resultados desafían los modelos que se basan únicamente en la pérdida hidrodinámica y la desgasificación del manto para explicar los gases nobles atmosféricos de la Tierra.
- La firma isotópica observada del criptón indica una acumulación simultánea de elementos volátiles y refractarios.
- Esto sugiere que los componentes volátiles y refractarios de la Tierra se originaron de múltiples fuentes, posiblemente incluyendo planetesimales externos del Sistema Solar, y apunta a una anomalía nucleosintética en elementos volátiles.
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