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Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
Published on: December 7, 2021
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Hacia la biogeografía de los genes procariotas
Luis Pedro Coelho1,2,3, Renato Alves4, Álvaro Rodríguez Del Río5
1Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. coelho@fudan.edu.cn.
Nature
|December 16, 2021
Resumen
La mayoría de los genes microbianos son específicos del hábitat, con solo unos pocos comunes en diversos entornos. Esta rareza genética impacta nuestra comprensión de la vida microbiana y la salud planetaria.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genómica de los microbios
- La metagenómica
- Distribución de genes en la biosfera
Sus antecedentes:
- Los genes microbianos representan el repertorio funcional primario de la Tierra.
- La distribución global de genes sigue siendo poco comprendida a pesar de la extensa secuenciación metagenómica.
- Esta brecha de conocimiento tiene implicaciones significativas para la salud humana y planetaria.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Construir un catálogo de genes microbianos completo y no redundante.
- Analizar los patrones de distribución global de los genes microbianos en diversos hábitats.
- Investigar las fuerzas evolutivas que dan forma a la diversidad genética microbiana.
Principales métodos:
- Agrupación de 303 millones de genes a nivel de especie de 13.174 metagenomas públicos en 14 hábitats.
- Agrupación de genes a nivel de especie en 32 millones de familias de proteínas.
- Analizando la frecuencia genética y las tasas de selección positiva.
Principales resultados:
- La mayoría de los genes microbianos (303 millones) son específicos de un solo hábitat.
- Los genes que se encuentran en múltiples hábitats están enriquecidos con resistencia a los antibióticos y elementos genéticos móviles.
- Una pequeña fracción de familias de proteínas (0,6%) contiene el 50% de todos los genes, lo que indica una rareza generalizada.
Conclusiones:
- La distribución de genes microbianos es altamente especializada en los hábitats.
- La mayoría de los genes microbianos y las familias de proteínas son raros a nivel mundial.
- Es probable que los procesos evolutivos neutrales o casi neutrales dominen la variación genética microbiana.
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