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Degradación no sintrófica de hidrocarburos por una especie arqueal
Zhuo Zhou1, Cui-Jing Zhang2, Peng-Fei Liu1,3
1Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China.
Nature
|December 23, 2021
Resumen
Este estudio cultivó un arqueón, Candidatus Methanoliparum, capaz de degradar hidrocarburos de cadena larga y producir metano de forma independiente. Este descubrimiento pone de relieve su importante papel en la transformación de hidrocarburos en los depósitos de petróleo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología
- Geoquímica
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
Sus antecedentes:
- La degradación metanogénica de los hidrocarburos del petróleo a menudo implica la sintrofia bacteriana y arqueal.
- Estudios recientes sugieren que algunas arqueas, como 'Candidatus Methanoliparum', pueden realizar este proceso solas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Cultivar y caracterizar el "Candidatus Methanoliparum" extraído de un depósito de petróleo subterráneo.
- Investigar su capacidad para la degradación independiente de hidrocarburos y la metanogénesis.
Principales métodos:
- Cultivo de "Candidatus Methanoliparum" de un depósito de petróleo
- Análisis molecular de los genes implicados en el metabolismo de los alcanos y el metano.
- Experimentos de incubación con varios sustratos de hidrocarburos.
- Detección espectrométrica de masas de los intermediarios ligados a la coenzima M.
Principales resultados:
- El "Candidatus Methanoliparum" fue cultivado con éxito y se encontró que sobreexpresaba genes para el metabolismo de alcano y metano.
- El arqueón degrada los alcanos de cadena larga (C≥13), los n-alquilciclohexanos y los n-alquilbenzenos.
- Los alcanos de cadena corta y los aromáticos con cadenas alquilo más cortas no se consumieron.
Conclusiones:
- El "Candidatus Methanoliparum" es un metanógeno alquilotrófico capaz de degradación de hidrocarburos y metanogénesis independientes.
- Su amplia distribución en ambientes petrolíferos sugiere un papel clave en la transformación de hidrocarburos en metano.
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