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Olfaction01:25

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Imaging Odor-Evoked Activities in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb using Optical Reflectance and Autofluorescence Signals
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Mapas espaciales en la corteza piriforme durante la navegación olfativa

Cindy Poo1, Gautam Agarwal2, Niccolò Bonacchi3

  • 1Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal. cindy.poo@neuro.fchampalimaud.org.

Nature
|December 23, 2021
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La corteza piriforme, crucial para el olfato, también crea mapas espaciales. Las neuronas en esta región del cerebro representan tanto la identidad del olor como la ubicación, formando un mapa del lugar del olor para guiar la navegación.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • Sistema olfativo
  • Conocimiento espacial

Sus antecedentes:

  • La corteza olfativa primaria (corteza piriforme) se considera tradicionalmente la principal región del cerebro para codificar la identidad del olor.
  • Los animales usan olores para guiar comportamientos esenciales como la búsqueda de alimento y la navegación.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el papel de la corteza piriforme posterior en la representación espacial y la navegación.
  • Para determinar si las neuronas de la corteza piriforme contribuyen a formar un mapa cognitivo basado en señales olfativas.

Principales métodos:

  • Se realizaron grabaciones de conjunto neuronal en ratas que se movían libremente durante una tarea de elección espacial inducida por el olor.
  • El análisis se centró en las representaciones espaciales, la estabilidad en todos los contextos y el acoplamiento funcional con el ritmo theta del hipocampo.

Principales resultados:

  • Las neuronas de la corteza piriforme posterior exhiben representaciones espaciales robustas, formando un mapa cognitivo aprendido.
  • Estas representaciones espaciales son más fuertes cerca de los puertos de olor e independientes del impulso olfativo o la recompensa.
  • Los conjuntos de neuronas piriformes codifican simultáneamente la identidad del olor y la ubicación espacial, creando un mapa del lugar del olor.

Conclusiones:

  • La corteza piriforme juega un papel importante en la cognición espacial, que se extiende más allá de la identificación del olor.
  • Esta región del cerebro es muy adecuada para formar asociaciones de olor-lugar.
  • Los hallazgos sugieren que la corteza piriforme guía activamente la navegación espacial inducida por el olfato.