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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Electrolitos elastoméricos para baterías de litio de estado sólido de alta energía

Michael J Lee1, Junghun Han2, Kyungbin Lee1

  • 1George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Nature
|January 13, 2022
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores desarrollaron nuevos electrolitos de estado sólido elastoméricos para baterías de litio de estado sólido más seguras y de alta energía. Estos electrolitos avanzados superan las limitaciones de los materiales actuales, lo que permite un rendimiento estable con ánodos de metal de litio.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • La electroquímica
  • Almacenamiento de energía

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las baterías de estado sólido con ánodos metálicos de litio son sustitutos prometedores de las baterías convencionales de iones de litio.
  • Los electrolitos de estado sólido actuales se enfrentan a desafíos en propiedades mecánicas y rendimiento electroquímico para aplicaciones prácticas.
  • El crecimiento de la dendrita de litio es un problema de seguridad importante en las baterías de metal de litio.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar electrolitos avanzados de estado sólido con propiedades mecánicas y electroquímicas mejoradas.
  • Para permitir el funcionamiento seguro y eficiente de las baterías de litio de estado sólido de alta energía que utilizan ánodos metálicos de litio.
  • Abordar las limitaciones de los electrolitos de estado sólido existentes para aplicaciones prácticas de baterías.

Principales métodos:

  • Fabricación de electrolitos de estado sólido elastoméricos con una fase cristalina de plástico interconectado en 3D.
  • Formación in situ del electrolito del elastómero en las láminas de cobre para el recubrimiento o desprendimiento de litio.
  • Prueba de celdas completas con cátodos de alta carga (LiNi0,83Mn0,06Co0,11O2) en condiciones de restricción.

Principales resultados:

  • Los electrolitos elastoméricos exhiben robustez mecánica, alta conductividad iónica y baja resistencia interfacial.
  • Se ha logrado una eficiencia de Coulomb del 100,0% para el recubrimiento y desprendimiento de litio debido a la adaptación al cambio de volumen.
  • Funcionamiento estable demostrado de la célula completa a 4,5 voltios y temperatura ambiente, con una energía específica > 410 Wh/kg.

Conclusiones:

  • Los nuevos electrolitos de estado sólido elastoméricos ofrecen una estrategia viable para baterías de litio de estado sólido estables y de alta energía.
  • Este avance aborda los desafíos clave en la estabilidad mecánica y el rendimiento electroquímico de las baterías de metal de litio.
  • El sistema desarrollado allana el camino para las soluciones de almacenamiento de energía de próxima generación.