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Síntesis orgánica asociada con la serpentización y la carbonatación en los primeros tiempos de Marte
A Steele1, L G Benning2,3, R Wirth2
1Carnegie Institution for Science, Earth and Planets Laboratory, Washington, DC 20015, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 13, 2022
Resumen
El Marte primitivo tuvo interacciones entre el agua y la roca que crearon moléculas orgánicas. Estos materiales orgánicos complejos se encontraron con magnetita en el meteorito ALH 84001, lo que sugiere una síntesis abiótica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Astrobiología
- Geoquímica
- Ciencias planetarias
Sus antecedentes:
- Las interacciones agua-roca son cruciales para la habitabilidad planetaria, influyendo en la diversidad mineral y la producción de moléculas orgánicas.
- El meteorito marciano Allan Hills 84001 (ALH 84001) contiene carbonatos y silicatos, que ofrecen información sobre los primeros procesos geológicos marcianos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar las reacciones de agua-roca en los primeros tiempos de Marte mediante el análisis de carbonatos y silicatos en el meteorito ALH 84001.
- Para caracterizar la naturaleza y el origen de los materiales orgánicos encontrados dentro del meteorito.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron análisis colocados a nanoescala para examinar los conjuntos minerales y el material orgánico dentro de ALH 84001.
- Centrado en identificar la relación espacial entre las moléculas orgánicas, la magnetita y las formaciones minerales.
Principales resultados:
- Descubrió material orgánico refractario complejo asociado con ensamblajes minerales formados a través de la carbonatación y la serpentización.
- Se observó que las moléculas orgánicas están colocadas con magnetita en nanofase, lo que indica la coformación durante las interacciones agua-roca in situ.
- Identificó evidencia de dos mecanismos distintos de síntesis orgánica abiótica en el comienzo de Marte.
Conclusiones:
- Las interacciones agua-roca en los primeros tiempos de Marte, específicamente durante el período tardío de Noé (hace 3.9-4.1 mil millones de años), fueron capaces de producir moléculas orgánicas complejas.
- La co-ocurrencia de materia orgánica y magnetita sugiere un papel significativo para estos procesos geológicos en la química prebiótica en Marte.
- Estos hallazgos contribuyen a comprender el potencial de habitabilidad pasada y los orígenes de la vida en Marte.
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