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The Phosphorus Cycle

The Phosphorus Cycle

Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...

The Nitrogen Cycle

The Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...

Primary Production

Primary Production

The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.

Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR

Other Nuclides: ³¹P, ¹⁹F, ¹⁵N NMR

Many organic, inorganic, and biological molecules contain spin-half nuclei such as nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31. As a result, NMR studies of these nuclei have found extensive applications in chemical and biological research.
While fluorine-19 and phosphorous-31 have high natural abundances (100%) and positive gyromagnetic ratios, nitrogen-15 has a low natural abundance and a negative gyromagnetic ratio. However, nitrogen-15 is still preferred over nitrogen-14 (which has a...

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Updated: Oct 6, 2025

Design and Construction of an Urban Runoff Research Facility

Design and Construction of an Urban Runoff Research Facility

Published on: August 8, 2014

El desequilibrio entre el nitrógeno y el fósforo

Josep Peñuelas^1,2, Jordi Sardans^1,2

¹Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 20, 2022

Resumen

Un desequilibrio en los ecosistemas naturales representa una amenaza significativa para la biodiversidad y la seguridad alimentaria mundial. Abordar este desequilibrio es crucial para la salud ambiental y la agricultura sostenible.

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Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading

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Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología
Ciencias del medio ambiente
Ciencias Agrícolas

Sus antecedentes:

Los ecosistemas naturales están experimentando desequilibrios sin precedentes.
Estos desequilibrios interrumpen los procesos ecológicos críticos.
Tales interrupciones tienen implicaciones de largo alcance.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar las consecuencias del desequilibrio ecológico.
Para resaltar el impacto en los ecosistemas naturales.
Evaluar los efectos en la seguridad alimentaria mundial.

Principales métodos:

Encuestas ecológicas y análisis de datos.
Evaluaciones de la seguridad alimentaria.
Evaluaciones de los servicios del ecosistema.

Principales resultados:

Se han observado impactos negativos significativos en la biodiversidad.
Se han detectado perturbaciones en los servicios ecosistémicos.
Amenazas a la producción mundial de alimentos documentadas.

Conclusiones:

El desequilibrio ecológico tiene graves consecuencias.
Se necesitan medidas urgentes para restablecer el equilibrio del ecosistema.
Las estrategias de mitigación son esenciales para la seguridad alimentaria.