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Segunda atenuación de sonido cerca de la criticidad cuántica

Xi Li1,2,3, Xiang Luo1,2,3, Shuai Wang1,2,3

  • 1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.

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|February 3, 2022
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Resumen

Los investigadores observaron una segunda atenuación de sonido en un gas homogéneo de Fermi de átomos de litio-6. Este hallazgo es crucial para comprender la superfluidez y los fenómenos críticos cercanos a la criticidad cuántica.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Física de la materia condensada
  • Los gases cuánticos
  • Superfluidez

Sus antecedentes:

  • La segunda atenuación sonora es un fenómeno clave en los superfluidos, esencial para comprender la superfluidez y los fenómenos críticos.
  • El estudio de los gases homogéneos de Fermi en unitaridad proporciona información sobre el comportamiento crítico cuántico universal.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Observar y caracterizar la segunda atenuación del sonido en un gas homogéneo de Fermi de átomos de litio-6 en unitaridad.
  • Investigar la dependencia de la temperatura de la difusividad del segundo sonido y la conductividad térmica.
  • Para explorar los fenómenos críticos y la criticidad cuántica en este sistema.

Principales métodos:

  • Se empleó la espectroscopia de Bragg con alta resolución de energía.
  • Las mediciones se llevaron a cabo en el límite de longitud de onda larga.
  • El experimento se centró en un gas homogéneo de Fermi de átomos de litio-6 en unitaridad.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observó con éxito una segunda atenuación del sonido.
  • Se obtuvo la dependencia de temperatura de la segunda difusividad acústica y de la conductividad térmica.
  • Se observó un precursor de la divergencia crítica en ambas propiedades alrededor del 0,95 de la temperatura de transición superfluida.
  • El gas Fermi unitario exhibe una región crítica más grande en comparación con el helio líquido.

Conclusiones:

  • Los fenómenos observados proporcionan información sobre el comportamiento crítico de los gases Fermi unitarios.
  • Los resultados sugieren una región crítica significativamente mayor en los gases Fermi unitarios que en el helio líquido.
  • Este estudio sienta las bases para determinar las funciones de escala crítica universales cerca de la criticidad cuántica.