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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
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The group Stramenopiles include some phototrophic microorganisms. Members of this group possess flagella covered in numerous short, hairlike extensions, a feature that inspired the group's name, derived from the Latin words for "straw" and "hair." Some of the main categories of Stramenopiles include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae.Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, with over 200 known genera. They play a key role in the planktonic communities of both marine and...
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Diversity of Protists III01:27

Diversity of Protists III

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Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Red algae, also known as rhodophytes, are primarily found in marine environments, though some species inhabit freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. These organisms exist in both unicellular and multicellular forms, with some multicellular varieties reaching macroscopic sizes.As phototrophic organisms, red algae contain chlorophyll a; however, their chloroplasts lack chlorophyll b. Instead, they possess phycobiliproteins, which serve as major light-harvesting pigments, similar to those found in...
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Minerals01:26

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Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
 
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Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
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Las estrellas de mar crecen cristales extraordinarios

Stephen T Hyde1, Fiona C Meldrum2

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 10, 2022
PubMed
Resumen

La biomineralización de las estrellas de mar crea estructuras complejas. Este estudio explora las características morfológicas complejas involucradas en este proceso biológico.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología marina
  • Estudios de la biomineralización
  • Investigación del equinodermo

Sus antecedentes:

  • La biomineralización es crucial para el desarrollo esquelético de los organismos marinos.
  • Las estrellas de mar (Asteroidea) exhiben estructuras esqueléticas únicas formadas a través de la biomineralización.
  • La comprensión de estos procesos proporciona información sobre las adaptaciones evolutivas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar las complejas características morfológicas de la biomineralización en las estrellas de mar.
  • Para describir las intrincadas estructuras formadas durante el desarrollo esquelético en Asteroidea.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de las microestructuras esqueléticas mediante técnicas avanzadas de imagen.
  • Morfología comparativa de elementos biomineralizados en diferentes especies de estrellas de mar.

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Principales resultados:

  • La biomineralización de estrellas de mar da como resultado morfologías esqueléticas muy complejas y variadas.
  • Los patrones específicos de deposición de minerales contribuyen a la integridad estructural y la forma del endosqueleto.

Conclusiones:

  • La compleja morfología de la biomineralización de las estrellas de mar destaca el sofisticado control biológico sobre la formación del esqueleto.
  • Investigaciones adicionales pueden aclarar los factores genéticos y ambientales que influyen en estas intrincadas estructuras.