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Resolviendo el desplazamiento al rojo gravitacional a través de una muestra atómica a escala milimétrica

Tobias Bothwell1, Colin J Kennedy2,3, Alexander Aeppli2

  • 1JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. tobias.bothwell@colorado.edu.

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Los científicos midieron el desplazamiento al rojo gravitacional en los átomos de estroncio ultrafríos, confirmando a Einstein

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Física atómica
  • Relatividad general
  • La mecánica cuántica

Sus antecedentes:

  • La teoría de la relatividad general de Einstein predice el desplazamiento al rojo gravitacional, donde los relojes funcionan a diferentes velocidades en diferentes potenciales gravitacionales.
  • Los relojes atómicos son cruciales para probar la relatividad general a través de varias escalas de distancia.
  • Los futuros relojes atómicos tienen como objetivo investigar la intersección de la relatividad general y la mecánica cuántica.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para medir el desplazamiento al rojo gravitacional dentro de una muestra a escala milimétrica de átomos de estroncio ultrafríos.
  • Para avanzar en la sensibilidad del reloj atómico para explorar la física fundamental.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron átomos de estroncio ultrafríos en una muestra de escala milimétrica.
  • Se logró una incertidumbre de medición de frecuencia fraccionada de 7.6 × 10−21, una mejora de más de 10 veces.
  • Se midió un gradiente de frecuencia lineal consistente con el corrimiento al rojo gravitacional.

Principales resultados:

  • Demostró un desplazamiento al rojo medible dentro de una muestra a escala milimétrica.
  • Se logró una incertidumbre de medición sin precedentes en la frecuencia del reloj atómico.
  • Se observó un gradiente de frecuencia lineal atribuible a las diferencias de potencial gravitacional.

Conclusiones:

  • Los resultados confirman la predicción de Einstein del desplazamiento al rojo gravitacional a escala milimétrica.
  • Este avance abre una nueva era para los relojes atómicos, que requieren correcciones intra-muestra para los efectos gravitacionales.
  • Abre el camino para que los relojes atómicos exploren regímenes de gravedad cuántica.