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¿Cómo se desprende una lagartija de su cola?

Animangsu Ghatak¹

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|February 17, 2022

Resumen

Los lagartos pueden separar sus colas gracias a microestructuras jerárquicas. Estas estructuras especializadas permiten la autoamputación controlada para la supervivencia cuando los depredadores representan una amenaza.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biomimética y Ciencias de los Materiales
Zoología y Biología Evolutiva

Sus antecedentes:

La autonomía de la cola de los vertebrados es un mecanismo de defensa crucial.
Los mecanismos microestructurales subyacentes que facilitan el desprendimiento de la cola no se comprenden completamente.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar las propiedades microstruturales de las colas de lagarto que permiten la amputación controlada.
Para aclarar los principios biomecánicos que rigen el desprendimiento de la cola en lagartos.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizó microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) para analizar las microestructuras de la cola.
Se realizaron pruebas mecánicas para evaluar las propiedades de la fractura en regiones anatómicas específicas.

Principales resultados:

Se identificaron microestructuras jerárquicas, incluidas disposiciones específicas de poros y fibras, en los planos de fractura.
Estas microestructuras crean planos de debilidad que facilitan el desprendimiento limpio y rápido de la cola.

Conclusiones:

Las microestructuras jerárquicas son la clave para la autotomía de la cola del lagarto.
La comprensión de estas estructuras podría informar el diseño de nuevos materiales de ingeniería y herramientas quirúrgicas.

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