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Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

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Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
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Protein Import into the Peroxisomes01:27

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Cells contain membrane-bound organelles called peroxisomes that oxidize organic molecules by transferring hydrogen atoms to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisomes enzymatically convert the released hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
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Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

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The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
 
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Peroxisomes and Mitochondria01:30

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Peroxisomes and mitochondria are two important oxygen-utilizing organelles in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration—the process that converts energy from food into ATP. Peroxisomes carry out a variety of functions, primarily breaking down different substances, such as fatty acids.
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Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
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Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
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Anaerobic Protein Purification and Kinetic Analysis via Oxygen Electrode for Studying DesB Dioxygenase Activity and Inhibition
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Peroxidasas versátiles estables y funcionalmente diversas diseñadas directamente a partir de secuencias

Shiran Barber-Zucker1, Vladimir Mindel1, Eva Garcia-Ruiz2

  • 1Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7600001, Israel.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 18, 2022
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El diseño de enzimas computacionales utilizando estructuras predichas por IA permitió la expresión funcional de las peroxidasas versátiles desafiantes (VPs). Este avance permite una exploración más amplia de las familias de enzimas para aplicaciones industriales.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La bioquímica
  • Ingeniería de enzimas
  • Biología computacional

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los hongos de la podredumbre blanca utilizan oxidorreductasas, particularmente peroxidasas versátiles (VPs), para una descomposición eficiente de la lignina.
  • La producción recombinante de VPs es un desafío, lo que limita sus aplicaciones industriales y de investigación.
  • Las estructuras enzimáticas precisas son cruciales para la optimización computacional, pero las estructuras experimentales son escasas para muchas enzimas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar la fiabilidad de la predicción de la estructura * ab initio * basada en el aprendizaje profundo para el diseño de enzimas computacionales.
  • Diseñar y expresar funcionalmente nuevas peroxidasas versátiles (VP) con propiedades mejoradas.
  • Demostrar la utilidad de los métodos basados en la IA para explorar la diversidad de las enzimas naturales.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó la predicción de estructuras de aprendizaje profundo * ab initio * para generar modelos para la optimización de VP.
  • Diseño computacional PROSS empleado para la estabilidad de un solo disparo y la mejora funcional de los VPs.
  • Expresó variantes de VP diseñadas en levadura y caracterizó sus perfiles de actividad, estabilidad y reactividad.

Principales resultados:

  • Las estructuras predichas por IA sirvieron como puntos de partida confiables para el diseño de enzimas computacionales.
  • Cuatro VPs diseñados con hasta 43 mutaciones se expresaron con éxito en la levadura, a diferencia de sus contrapartes de tipo salvaje.
  • Tres diseños mostraron una diversidad significativa en la reactividad y la tolerancia ambiental.

Conclusiones:

  • La predicción de la estructura de aprendizaje profundo combinada con el diseño computacional permite una optimización eficiente de las enzimas con una expresión desafiante.
  • Este enfoque amplía el alcance de la ingeniería de enzimas computacionales, facilitando el descubrimiento de nuevos biocatalizadores.
  • La metodología permite la explotación directa de la diversidad funcional dentro de las familias de enzimas naturales a partir de datos genómicos.