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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

10.2K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
10.2K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

15.7K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
15.7K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

45.1K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

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Control de la estructura cristalina de las nanopartículas de aleación de solución sólida binaria y ternaria con una

Quan Zhang1, Kohei Kusada1, Dongshuang Wu1

  • 1Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 23, 2022
PubMed
Resumen

Las nanopartículas de aleación hexagonales compactas (hcp) exhiben una actividad catalítica superior para la evolución del hidrógeno en comparación con las fases cúbicas centradas en la cara (fcc). Este estudio demuestra la síntesis controlada de aleaciones de hcp y fcc, revelando hcp-RuIrPt

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Nanotecnología
  • Catálisis

Sus antecedentes:

  • La estructura cristalina influye críticamente en las propiedades del estado sólido.
  • El control de la estructura cristalina de la aleación en una composición fija es un desafío.
  • Las propiedades dependientes de la estructura del cristal de la aleación están poco exploradas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para sintetizar nanopartículas de aleación Ru-Pt, Ru-Ir y Ru-Ir-Pt con estructuras cristalinas hexagonales cerradas (hcp) y cúbicas centradas en la cara (fcc).
  • Investigar el impacto de la estructura cristalina en el rendimiento catalítico de estas nanopartículas de aleación.
  • Explorar el potencial de las aleaciones de HCP para mejorar la electrocatálisis.

Principales métodos:

  • Método de reducción química para la síntesis de nanopartículas de aleación.
  • Ajuste preciso de las velocidades de reducción de precursores metálicos para controlar la estructura del cristal.
  • Pruebas electrocatalíticas para la reacción de evolución del hidrógeno (HER) en medios alcalinos.

Principales resultados:

  • Síntesis exitosa de nanopartículas de aleación en solución sólida binarias (Ru-Pt, Ru-Ir) y ternales (Ru-Ir-Pt) con fases controlables de hcp y fcc.
  • Todas las nanopartículas de aleación de hcp sintetizadas demostraron una actividad electrocatalítica superior para HER en comparación con sus contrapartes fcc.
  • Hcp-RuIrPt exhibió una actividad intrínseca y de masa significativamente mejorada (3,1-6,9 veces) en comparación con fcc-RuIrPt y Pt/C comercial.

Conclusiones:

  • Se puede lograr un control preciso de la estructura cristalina de la aleación a través de la velocidad de reducción.
  • La estructura cristalina hcp mejora la actividad electrocatalítica para la reacción de evolución del hidrógeno en aleaciones.
  • Hcp-RuIrPt representa un catalizador muy prometedor para la producción eficiente de hidrógeno.