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Bases moleculares de la unión al receptor y neutralización de anticuerpos de Omicron
Qin Hong1,2, Wenyu Han1,2, Jiawei Li1,2
1State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Nature
|March 1, 2022
Resumen
La variante Omicron
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología estructural
- Virología
- Inmunología
Sus antecedentes:
- La variante Omicron del SARS-CoV-2 demuestra una importante evasión inmunológica y una rápida propagación global.
- Comprender los mecanismos estructurales detrás de la transmisibilidad de Omicron y la evasión inmune es crucial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para aclarar la base estructural de la transmisión mejorada de Omicron y la evasión inmune.
- Investigar las interacciones estructurales de la proteína del pico Omicron con el ACE2 y los anticuerpos neutralizantes.
Principales métodos:
- Para determinar las estructuras de la proteína del pico Omicron se empleó la criomicroscopia.
- Se determinaron las estructuras de la proteína del pico Omicron en complejo con ACE2 y el fragmento Fab del anticuerpo S3H3.
Principales resultados:
- Las estructuras de la proteína del pico de Omicron (estados cerrados y abiertos) parecen más compactas que G614, potencialmente debido a las interacciones mejoradas entre protómero y S1-S2.
- Las interacciones del pico Omicron-ACE2 se fortalecen mediante sustituciones en el RBM, formando nuevos enlaces y mejorando las propiedades electrostáticas, correlacionándose con una mayor afinidad ACE2.
- La estructura del pico Omicron en complejo con el anticuerpo S3H3 revela la base de sus amplias capacidades de neutralización.
Conclusiones:
- El estado cerrado de la proteína del pico Omicron puede contribuir a la evasión inmune a través del enmascaramiento conformacional.
- Las ideas estructurales sobre la unión ACE2 de Omicron y la neutralización de anticuerpos S3H3 pueden informar el desarrollo de vacunas y terapias ampliamente efectivas contra el SARS-CoV-2.
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