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Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Paramagnetism01:30

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field01:26

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The magnetic field due to a volume current distribution given by the Biot–Savart Law can be expressed as follows:
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Avances y perspectivas en materia de materiales topológicos magnéticos

B Andrei Bernevig1, Claudia Felser2, Haim Beidenkopf3

  • 1Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. bernevig@princeton.edu.

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|March 3, 2022
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Los materiales topológicos magnéticos ofrecen transporte sin disipación y aplicaciones avanzadas. Esta revisión cubre los avances teóricos y experimentales, incluidos los semimetales magnéticos de Weyl y los aislantes topológicos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Física de la materia condensada
  • Ciencias de los materiales

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los materiales topológicos magnéticos exhiben propiedades electrónicas únicas regidas por la topología y el magnetismo.
  • Estos materiales permiten aplicaciones como el transporte de espín de baja disipación y el almacenamiento de información.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar los avances teóricos y experimentales en materiales topológicos magnéticos.
  • Para resaltar descubrimientos clave como los semimetales magnéticos de Weyl y los aislantes topológicos.

Principales métodos:

  • Predicción teórica de las fases topológicas.
  • Realización experimental y caracterización de nuevos materiales.
  • Tabulación de representaciones y topología de grupos de simetría magnética.

Principales resultados:

  • Descubrimiento de semimetales magnéticos de Weyl y aislantes topológicos antiferromagnéticos.
  • Realización experimental de aislantes de Chern, semimetales magnéticos de Dirac y fases topológicas axiónicas.
  • Catalogación completa de la simetría magnética y la topología.

Conclusiones:

  • Se han logrado avances significativos en la comprensión y utilización de materiales topológicos magnéticos.
  • Las futuras direcciones de investigación incluyen la exploración de nuevas fases y aplicaciones topológicas.