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Control de las colisiones reactivas por interferencia cuántica
Hyungmok Son1,2, Juliana J Park1, Yu-Kun Lu1
1MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 3, 2022
Resumen
Los científicos lograron el control magnético sobre las reacciones químicas en mezclas ultrafrías de sodio y sodio-litio. Ajustaron con precisión las velocidades de reacción, demostrando un control cuántico sin precedentes sobre las colisiones moleculares utilizando campos magnéticos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Física atómica, molecular y óptica
- Química Cuántica
- Los gases cuánticos ultrafríos
Sus antecedentes:
- Las colisiones moleculares suelen dar lugar a reacciones o pérdidas con una probabilidad cercana a la unidad, conocida como la tasa universal.
- El sistema de sodio (Na) + sodio-litio (NaLi) exhibe una baja probabilidad de pérdida (~ 4%) en un estado completamente polarizado por espín, desviándose del comportamiento universal.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar y demostrar el control magnético sobre la dispersión reactiva en mezclas ultrafrías de Na + NaLi.
- Para explorar la modificación de las tasas de pérdida de colisión molecular más allá del límite universal.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizando resonancias de Feshbach para controlar con precisión la fase de la función de onda de dispersión.
- Empleando campos magnéticos para ajustar las interacciones en gases atómicos y moleculares ultrafríos.
Principales resultados:
- Se logró el control magnético sobre la dispersión reactiva en Na + NaLi ultrafría.
- Modificó la tasa de pérdida en más de dos órdenes de magnitud (factor de 100), que abarca desde abajo hasta arriba del límite universal.
- Se observaron efectos de interferencia análogos a los de un resonador óptico de Fabry-Perot.
Conclusiones:
- Se ha demostrado el control cuántico de las velocidades de las reacciones químicas utilizando campos magnéticos.
- Predicciones teóricas validadas para el rango dinámico completo del control magnético en colisiones moleculares.
- Abrió nuevas vías para controlar los procesos químicos a nivel cuántico.
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