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Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research
Published on: September 8, 2023
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Propiedades de evasión de anticuerpos de los sublíneas Omicron del SARS-CoV-2
Sho Iketani1,2, Lihong Liu1, Yicheng Guo1
1Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
Nature
|March 3, 2022
Resumen
La variante Omicron
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología
- Inmunología
- La genética
Sus antecedentes:
- La variante Omicron del SARS-CoV-2 surgió con numerosas mutaciones de la proteína del pico, lo que generó preocupaciones sobre la evasión de anticuerpos.
- Las sublíneas BA.1+R346K (BA.1.1) y BA.2 evolucionaron a partir de Omicron, que difieren en las alteraciones de la proteína del pico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para caracterizar antigénicamente las sublíneas Omicron BA.1+R346K y BA.2.
- Evaluar el impacto de estas sublíneas en la eficacia de las vacunas actuales y las terapias con anticuerpos monoclonales.
Principales métodos:
- Caracterización antigénica utilizando sueros policlonales de individuos infectados y receptores de la vacuna.
- Pruebas de neutralización para evaluar la actividad de anticuerpos contra las variantes del SARS-CoV-2.
- Prueba de la eficacia de 19 anticuerpos monoclonales neutralizantes contra el BA.2.
Principales resultados:
- Los sueros policlonales mostraron una actividad neutralizante significativamente reducida contra BA.1+R346K y BA.2, similar a BA.1.
- BA.2 mostró resistencia a 17 de los 19 anticuerpos monoclonales analizados, incluido el sotrovimab.
- Sólo bebtelovimab mantuvo la actividad contra todos los sublíneos Omicron analizados.
Conclusiones:
- Los sublíneas de Omicron BA.1+R346K y BA.2 son antigénicamente diferentes del SARS-CoV-2 de tipo salvaje, lo que podría reducir la efectividad de la vacuna.
- Es posible que las terapias de anticuerpos monoclonales existentes no cubran todos los sublíneas de Omicron, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de tratamientos actualizados.
- La aparición de sublíneas de Omicron divergentes genéticamente requiere una vigilancia continua y el desarrollo terapéutico.
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