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El contenido de agua magmática controla la profundidad pre-eruptiva de los magmas de arco
Daniel J Rasmussen1,2, Terry A Plank2, Diana C Roman3
1National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 10, 2022
Resumen
El pronóstico de erupciones volcánicas utiliza modelos basados en la física. Las profundidades de almacenamiento de magma son más profundas que la flotabilidad neutral, vinculadas a la desgasificación del agua, no a la flotabilidad, lo que afecta las predicciones de erupción.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica
- Volcanología
- Geoquímica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los modelos basados en la física son cruciales para el pronóstico de erupciones volcánicas.
- Las condiciones de almacenamiento de magma antes de la erupción requieren estimaciones cuantitativas.
- Las profundidades de almacenamiento de magma debajo de los volcanes de arco son muy variables y a menudo se supone que están en niveles de flotabilidad neutrales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el control primario en las profundidades de almacenamiento de magma debajo de los volcanes de arco activo.
- Para determinar si la flotabilidad neutral o la desgasificación del agua explican mejor las profundidades de magma observadas.
- Refinar las restricciones cuantitativas para los modelos de previsión de erupciones volcánicas basados en la física.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de las profundidades de almacenamiento de magma observadas geofísicamente.
- Comparación de las profundidades observadas con las profundidades calculadas de flotabilidad neutral.
- Modelado de procesos de desgasificación de agua en magmas ascendentes de contenido de agua variable.
Principales resultados:
- Las profundidades de magma observadas geofísicamente (6 ± 3 km) son significativamente mayores que las profundidades de flotabilidad neutral.
- Las profundidades de magma observadas se alinean con las profundidades previstas de desgasificación del agua.
- Los magmas más húmedos se desgastan y cristalizan a mayores profundidades, aumentando la viscosidad y llevando a un estancamiento más profundo del magma.
Conclusiones:
- La flotabilidad neutral no es el control principal de la profundidad de almacenamiento de magma debajo de los volcanes de arco.
- El contenido de agua y la posterior desgasificación son factores críticos que controlan la profundidad y el estancamiento del almacenamiento de magma.
- La relación entre el contenido de agua y la profundidad de almacenamiento proporciona una limitación vital para mejorar los modelos de pronóstico de erupciones volcánicas.
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