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Detener las pandemias antes de que comiencen: lecciones aprendidas del SARS-CoV-2

Aled M Edwards¹, Ralph S Baric², Erica Ollmann Saphire^3,4

¹Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 10, 2022

Resumen

Las vacunas y los medicamentos contra el COVID-19, basados en décadas de inversión científica, ofrecen esperanza. Sin embargo, la pandemia en curso subraya la necesidad de una mayor preparación para prevenir futuras crisis de salud mundiales.

Área de la Ciencia:

Virología
Inmunología
Farmacología

Sus antecedentes:

La pandemia de COVID-19 causó más de 5 millones de muertes a finales de 2021.
El virus del coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2) continúa evolucionando en todo el mundo.
Las medidas de preparación para la pandemia existentes fueron desafiadas por la rápida propagación y el impacto del SARS-CoV-2.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar el desarrollo de vacunas contra la COVID-19, terapias de anticuerpos y medicamentos antivirales.
Resaltar el papel fundamental de la inversión a largo plazo en ciencia y tecnología básicas.
Recomendar estrategias para la preparación y prevención de futuras pandemias.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de las vacunas aprobadas, las terapias de anticuerpos y los medicamentos antivirales para el COVID-19.
Análisis de los avances científicos y tecnológicos que sustentan estas contramedidas médicas.
Síntesis de las lecciones aprendidas de la respuesta a la pandemia de COVID-19.

Principales resultados:

Las vacunas aprobadas contra la COVID-19, las terapias con anticuerpos y los medicamentos antivirales representan logros científicos significativos.
Estos avances médicos fueron posibles gracias a décadas de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico previos.
El SARS-CoV-2 presentó una prueba crítica de la preparación para una pandemia mundial.

Conclusiones:

El éxito de las contramedidas contra el COVID-19 demuestra el valor de la inversión sostenida en la ciencia.
Se necesitan medidas urgentes para mejorar la preparación para futuras pandemias.
Las medidas proactivas pueden minimizar el impacto y potencialmente prevenir futuras emergencias de salud global.

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