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In perfect conductors, the electric field inside is always zero due to the abundance of free electrons, which nullify any field by flowing. As a result, any residual charge resides on the surface.
In a practical conductor, an applied electric field may be sustained, causing a flow of electrons, which produce a current. The differential form of the current, the current density, is related to the electric field.
More generally, it is related to the force per unit charge, which involves the...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
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When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. In a solid, there are a large number of atoms, and therefore a large number of atomic orbitals that may be combined into molecular orbitals. These groups of molecular orbitals are so closely placed together to form continuous regions of energies, known as the bands.
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Dimensionalidad Modula la conductividad eléctrica en marcos de una, dos y tres dimensiones de composición constante

Tianyang Chen1, Jin-Hu Dou1, Luming Yang1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 15, 2022
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores crearon nuevos marcos metálico-orgánicos basados en níquel y polímeros de coordinación conjugados con estructuras variables. Estos materiales exhiben una amplia gama de conductividad eléctrica, lo que demuestra el impacto de la dimensionalidad en las propiedades electrónicas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Química del estado sólido
  • Nanotecnología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las estructuras orgánicas metálicas (MOF) y los polímeros de coordinación conjugados (CCP) son materiales versátiles con propiedades electrónicas sintonizables.
  • La relación entre dimensionalidad estructural y conductividad electrónica en estos materiales es un área activa de investigación.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Construir MOF y CCP basados en Ni con diversas dimensiones estructurales (1D, 2D y 3D).
  • Investigar cómo las diferencias estructurales influyen en las propiedades electrónicas de estos materiales.
  • Explorar el potencial de estos materiales en aplicaciones electrónicas.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis de MOF y CCP basados en Ni utilizando 2,3,5,6-tetraamino-1,4-hidroquinona (TAHQ) y sus formas oxidadas.
  • Caracterización de las dimensiones estructurales (1D, 2D, 3D) y las interacciones supramoleculares.
  • Medición de la conductividad eléctrica en una amplia gama de muestras.

Principales resultados:

  • Sintetizó con éxito materiales Ni-1D, Ni-2D y Ni-3D con una composición idéntica de metales y ligandos pero con estructuras distintas.
  • Se observó una variación significativa en las propiedades electrónicas, con una conductividad eléctrica que abarca casi 8 órdenes de magnitud.
  • Se alcanzó una conductividad máxima de aproximadamente 0,3 S/cm en uno de los materiales sintetizados.

Conclusiones:

  • La dimensionalidad estructural y las interacciones supramoleculares influyen críticamente en la conductividad electrónica de los MOF y CCP basados en Ni.
  • La capacidad de ajustar la conductividad a través del diseño estructural abre caminos para el desarrollo de materiales electrónicos avanzados.
  • Estos hallazgos proporcionan información valiosa sobre las relaciones estructura-propiedad en los polímeros de coordinación.