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Los circuitos tierra-oceano del ciclo global del carbono

Pierre Regnier¹, Laure Resplandy², Raymond G Najjar³

¹Biogeochemistry and Modelling of the Earth System-BGEOSYS, Department of Geoscience, Environment and Society, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. pierre.regnier@ulb.be.

|March 17, 2022

Resumen

El continuo acuático tierra-oceano (LOAC) juega un papel crucial en el ciclo global del carbono. Las actividades humanas han alterado estos flujos, afectando las estimaciones de almacenamiento de carbono terrestre y oceánico.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias del medio ambiente
Ciencias del Sistema Terrestre
Biogeoquímica

Sus antecedentes:

El almacenamiento de carbono en el océano y en la tierra se evalúa normalmente por separado, sin tener en cuenta el continuo acuático tierra-oceano (LOAC).
El LOAC abarca las aguas interiores, los estuarios, los humedales de marea y las aguas de la plataforma continental, lo que facilita el transporte de carbono.
Comprender el ciclo de carbono LOAC preindustrial y perturbado por el hombre es vital para presupuestos de carbono globales precisos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Cuantificar los flujos de carbono preindustriales y de impacto humano dentro del continuo acuático tierra-oceano (LOAC).
Evaluar la influencia del ciclo del carbono LOAC en las estimaciones de almacenamiento de carbono terrestre y oceánico.
Identificar las principales lagunas de conocimiento para mejorar las evaluaciones de flujo de LOAC.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizó un enfoque de balance de masa para estimar la transferencia de carbono dentro de la LOAC.
Análisis del ciclo del carbono antes del período industrial y bajo intervenciones humanas directas, incluido el cambio climático.
Incorporó los ecosistemas terrestres, las aguas interiores, los humedales de marea y las aguas de la plataforma continental en el modelo del ciclo del carbono.

Principales resultados:

La transferencia neta de carbono preindustrial de los ecosistemas terrestres al océano a través del LOAC fue de 0,65 ± 0,30 petagramos de carbono por año.
Las actividades humanas han acelerado el ciclo del carbono entre la tierra, el agua y la atmósfera.
Los impactos humanos han reducido la absorción de carbono por los humedales de marea y la vegetación sumergida.

Conclusiones:

Ignorar los flujos de carbono LOAC lleva a sobreestimar el almacenamiento de carbono terrestre en 0,6 ± 0,4 petagramos de carbono por año.
Las evaluaciones actuales subestiman el almacenamiento de carbono sedimentario y oceánico debido a la dinámica de LOAC no abordada.
La reducción de las incertidumbres en las evaluaciones del flujo de LOAC requiere abordar las lagunas de conocimiento identificadas.

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