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El humo de los incendios destruye el ozono estratosférico
Peter Bernath1,2,3, Chris Boone2, Jeff Crouse2
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 17, 2022
Resumen
Los grandes incendios forestales de Australia enviaron humo a la estratosfera, dañando el ozono. El satélite Experimento de Química Atmosférica encontró partículas de humo que alteraron los gases de la estratosfera, impactando la química del ozono.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Química de la atmósfera
- Ciencia de la estratosfera
- Impactos del humo de los incendios forestales
Sus antecedentes:
- Los grandes incendios forestales liberan humo y productos de la quema de biomasa en la estratosfera.
- El ozono estratosférico protege a la Tierra de las radiaciones ultravioletas dañinas.
- La comprensión previa del impacto estratosférico del humo de los incendios forestales era limitada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar la composición de las partículas de humo de los incendios del "Verano Negro" de Australia.
- Para investigar el impacto de estas partículas de humo en la composición del gas estratosférico.
- Para entender los efectos potenciales en la química del ozono.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó el espectrómetro infrarrojo del satélite Experimento de Química Atmosférica (ACE).
- Espectro medido de partículas de humo inyectadas en la estratosfera.
- Los cambios analizados en varios gases estratosféricos después de la inyección de humo.
Principales resultados:
- Las partículas de humo contenían grupos funcionales orgánicos oxigenados y agua adsorbida.
- Se han observado perturbaciones sin precedentes en los gases estratosféricos, incluyendo aumentos de formaldehído, nitrato de cloro, monóxido de cloro y ácido hipocloroso.
- Se midieron disminuciones significativas en el ozono, dióxido de nitrógeno y ácido clorhídrico.
Conclusiones:
- El humo de los incendios forestales altera significativamente la composición de la estratosfera.
- Estas alteraciones han llevado a cambios extremos e inesperados en los gases estratosféricos clave.
- Las perturbaciones observadas plantean riesgos potenciales para el ozono estratosférico y la química.
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