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Colaboración y toma de decisiones compartida entre pacientes y médicos en decisiones de atención médica preventiva y

, Karina W Davidson¹, Carol M Mangione²

¹Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, New York, New York.

|March 22, 2022

Resumen

La toma de decisiones compartida (SDM) es vital para la atención preventiva centrada en el paciente, alineando las recomendaciones de USPSTF con los valores individuales del paciente. Se necesita más investigación para explorar el papel de SDM en la reducción de las desigualdades de salud y la optimización de las discusiones de atención primaria.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud pública
Investigación en servicios de salud
La toma de decisiones clínicas

Sus antecedentes:

El Grupo de Trabajo de Servicios Preventivos de los Estados Unidos (USPSTF) proporciona recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia para los servicios preventivos.
La atención centrada en el paciente es un principio fundamental en la atención médica de los Estados Unidos.
La toma de decisiones compartida (SDM) implica que los pacientes y los médicos colaboren en las decisiones de salud.

Objetivo del estudio:

Examinar el papel del SDM en todo el espectro de recomendaciones de la USPSTF.
Para resaltar cómo SDM apoya la participación del paciente y centrarse en el paciente en la atención preventiva.
Identificar áreas para futuras investigaciones sobre el impacto de la SDM en la equidad de salud y la atención primaria.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de las categorías de recomendación de la USPSTF (declaraciones A, B, C, D, I).
Revisión de los principios de la atención centrada en el paciente y de la toma de decisiones compartida.
Discusión de las implicaciones de la gestión de los recursos humanos para diferentes niveles de evidencia y beneficios.

Principales resultados:

SDM es crucial para que los pacientes alineen las recomendaciones A o B con los valores personales.
SDM es crítico para que los pacientes determinen si el beneficio neto de las recomendaciones C vale la pena.
Los médicos deben estar preparados para discutir las recomendaciones de D o las declaraciones de I si los pacientes preguntan.

Conclusiones:

El SDM es integral para implementar las recomendaciones de la USPSTF de una manera centrada en el paciente.
Se requieren más pruebas para determinar la eficacia de la MDS en la reducción de las desigualdades en materia de salud.
Se necesitan nuevas estrategias para integrar las discusiones sobre MDS en los flujos de trabajo de la atención primaria.

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