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Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).
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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Language Development01:22

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Las células eligen sus palabras sabiamente

Amy H Buck1

  • 1Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.

Cell
|April 1, 2022
PubMed
Resumen

La comunicación celular se basa en la transferencia de ARN a través de las vesículas extracelulares. Las secuencias específicas de microARN dictan la cantidad de microARN empaquetado y enviado entre las células, impactando la señalización de ARN intercelular.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología molecular
  • Biología celular
  • La bioquímica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las células se comunican utilizando vesículas extracelulares (EV) para transferir moléculas, incluido el ARN.
  • Los microARN (miRNA) son reguladores clave de la expresión génica y juegan un papel en la comunicación entre células.
  • Los mecanismos que rigen el envasado selectivo y la liberación de miRNAs específicos dentro de los EV no se comprenden completamente.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el papel de secuencias específicas dentro de los microARN en su envasado en vesículas extracelulares.
  • Para determinar cómo estas secuencias afectan a la transferencia intercelular de microARN.
  • Para aclarar los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes a la clasificación selectiva de miRNA en EV.

Principales métodos:

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  • Utilizó técnicas de biología molecular para analizar secuencias de miRNA.
  • Se han empleado sistemas de cultivo celular y métodos de aislamiento de vesículas extracelulares.
  • Niveles de miARN cuantificados dentro de las células y en EVs aislados utilizando ensayos moleculares.

    • Principales resultados:

    • Demostró que las secuencias distintas dentro de una molécula de microARN influyen directamente en su abundancia en vesículas extracelulares.
    • Se demostró que estos efectos dependientes de la secuencia regulan la cantidad de microARN específicos transferidos entre las células.
    • Se han proporcionado pruebas de los mecanismos de clasificación basados en secuencias que rigen la carga de miRNA en los EV.

    Conclusiones:

    • Las secuencias específicas dentro de los microARN son determinantes críticos de su empaque en vesículas extracelulares.
    • Este mecanismo basado en secuencias proporciona una nueva capa de regulación para la comunicación de ARN intercelular.
    • Comprender estos mecanismos es crucial para descifrar cómo las células interpretan las señales de ARN extracelular.