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Virus marinos crípticos y abundantes en los orígenes evolutivos del virus ARN de la Tierra
Ahmed A Zayed1,2,3, James M Wainaina1,3, Guillermo Dominguez-Huerta1,2,3
1Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 7, 2022
Resumen
Los virus de ARN marinos son poco conocidos pero abundantes y ecológicamente importantes. Este estudio expande los catálogos de virus de ARN, la taxonomía y las ideas evolutivas, revelando nuevos filos dominantes del océano.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología
- Biología marina
- La genómica
- Biología evolutiva
Sus antecedentes:
- Los virus de ADN son jugadores del ecosistema bien estudiados, a diferencia de los virus de ARN fuera de los contextos de la enfermedad.
- Los virus de ARN en entornos marinos permanecen en gran medida sin catalogar y poco estudiados.
- La comprensión de la diversidad de virus de ARN marino es crucial para el modelado ecológico y epidemiológico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para expandir los catálogos de virus de ARN de la Tierra y la taxonomía utilizando secuencias de ARN oceánicas globales.
- Investigar los orígenes evolutivos y la biogeografía marina de los virus de ARN.
- Evaluar las funciones ecológicas y la abundancia de los virus de ARN recién descubiertos.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de aproximadamente 28 terabases de datos de secuenciación de ARN del océano global.
- Desarrollo de nuevos enfoques para el descubrimiento y la clasificación de virus de ARN.
- Revisión taxonómica y análisis filogenético de las secuencias de virus de ARN identificadas.
Principales resultados:
- Revisiones sustanciales de la taxonomía de los virus de ARN, incluida la duplicación de los filos y la adición de más del 50% de nuevas clases.
- Identificación de nuevos filos de virus de ARN extendidos y dominantes, "Taraviricota" y "Arctiviricota".
- Determinación de "Taraviricota" como un posible eslabón perdido en la evolución temprana del virus de ARN.
Conclusiones:
- Esta investigación mejora significativamente la comprensión de la diversidad y la evolución de los virus de ARN marinos.
- Los phyla recién identificados son componentes clave de los ecosistemas marinos.
- Se proporcionan conocimientos básicos para integrar los virus de ARN en marcos ecológicos y epidemiológicos más amplios.
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