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Manejo de los problemas clínicos comunes que experimentan los sobrevivientes de cáncer
Jon Emery1, Phyllis Butow2, Julia Lai-Kwon3
1Centre for Cancer Research and Department of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Lancet (London, England)
|April 17, 2022
Resumen
Los sobrevivientes de cáncer requieren una atención integral que aborde las necesidades físicas y psicosociales. Esta revisión detalla el manejo de los efectos tardíos, los problemas comunes y las estrategias de apoyo para mejorar los resultados de supervivencia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- En el campo de la oncología
- Cuidados de apoyo
- Sobrevivencia al cáncer
Sus antecedentes:
- La creciente población mundial de sobrevivientes de cáncer requiere mejores modelos de atención.
- Los modelos actuales no abordan adecuadamente las necesidades multifacéticas de los sobrevivientes de cáncer.
- Los efectos a largo plazo y tardíos de los tratamientos contra el cáncer requieren un manejo especializado.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para resumir la evidencia sobre el manejo de problemas clínicos comunes en sobrevivientes de cáncer adultos.
- Proporcionar orientación para abordar las necesidades de los sobrevivientes en las consultas.
- Para resaltar la importancia de la vigilancia y el cuidado de apoyo.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de la evidencia sobre el cuidado de los sobrevivientes de cáncer.
- Identificación de secuelas físicas y psicosociales comunes de los tratamientos contra el cáncer.
- Integración de las modificaciones del estilo de vida y el ejercicio en los planes de supervivencia.
Principales resultados:
- Los principales problemas físicos incluyen disfunción cardíaca, síndrome metabólico, linfedema, neuropatía y osteoporosis.
- Las inmunoterapias pueden conducir a toxicidades gastrointestinales, endocrinas, cutáneas y hepáticas específicas.
- Las preocupaciones psicosociales abarcan el miedo a la recurrencia, la fatiga, los cambios cognitivos y los impactos en la intimidad, las finanzas y el empleo.
- Los factores del estilo de vida (tabaco, obesidad, alcohol) y el ejercicio son cruciales para reducir el riesgo de recurrencia y mejorar la calidad de vida.
Conclusiones:
- El manejo efectivo de los sobrevivientes de cáncer requiere abordar factores físicos, psicosociales y de estilo de vida.
- Las herramientas de detección de atención de apoyo pueden ayudar a identificar y priorizar las necesidades de los sobrevivientes.
- Los enfoques de atención integrada son esenciales para optimizar la salud y el bienestar a largo plazo de los sobrevivientes de cáncer.
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