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Cuidados a largo plazo para personas tratadas por cáncer durante la infancia y la adolescencia
Emily S Tonorezos1, Richard J Cohn2, Adam W Glaser3
1Office of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|April 17, 2022
Resumen
Los sobrevivientes de cáncer infantil enfrentan importantes riesgos de salud a largo plazo y desafíos de transición de atención. La mejora de los resultados de los sobrevivientes requiere abordar las lagunas de conocimiento y mejorar la coordinación de la atención para los efectos secundarios de aparición tardía.
Área de la Ciencia:
- En el campo de la oncología
- Cuidados para sobrevivientes
Sus antecedentes:
- Los avances en el tratamiento pediátrico del cáncer han aumentado el número de supervivientes adultos.
- Esta creciente población se enfrenta a altos riesgos de problemas de salud de aparición tardía y mortalidad prematura.
- Las barreras incluyen brechas de conocimiento entre el proveedor y el sobreviviente y transiciones fragmentadas de atención.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Resaltar los riesgos para la salud y los desafíos de atención para los sobrevivientes adultos de cáncer infantil y adolescente.
- Hacer hincapié en la necesidad de mejorar la coordinación y el apoyo durante la transición a la atención sanitaria de adultos.
- Identificar los recursos que pueden ayudar a los proveedores en la gestión de la atención de supervivencia a largo plazo.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura existente sobre los efectos tardíos del tratamiento del cáncer en los sobrevivientes.
- Análisis de los desafíos en la transición de los sobrevivientes de cáncer pediátrico a entornos de atención para adultos.
- Identificación de las mejores prácticas y recursos para la atención de sobrevivientes.
Principales resultados:
- Los sobrevivientes de cáncer infantil son susceptibles a diversos efectos secundarios de aparición tardía (cardiacos, endocrinos, pulmonares, de fertilidad, renales, psicológicos, cognitivos y de desarrollo social).
- La coordinación del cuidado y la transición al cuidado de adultos presentan desafíos sustanciales.
- La comunicación efectiva y el apoyo a la autogestión pueden empoderar a los sobrevivientes y mejorar los resultados.
Conclusiones:
- Los sobrevivientes adultos de cáncer infantil requieren una vigilancia especializada y continua para detectar los efectos tardíos del tratamiento.
- Facilitar una transición sin problemas a la atención de adultos es crucial para la gestión de la salud a largo plazo.
- Los recursos como las directrices de vigilancia y el apoyo basado en la web son vitales para los proveedores y los sobrevivientes.
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