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Pronósticos mundiales de las olas de calor marinas
Michael G Jacox1,2,3, Michael A Alexander4, Dillon Amaya4
1NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA, USA. michael.jacox@noaa.gov.
Nature
|April 21, 2022
Resumen
Las olas de calor marinas se pueden predecir con hasta un año de antelación. Estos pronósticos pueden ayudar a los administradores de recursos marinos a prepararse y mitigar los impactos ecológicos y socioeconómicos de estos eventos oceánicos extremos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La oceanografía
- Ciencias del clima
- Ecología marina
Sus antecedentes:
- Las olas de calor marinas son eventos de temperatura extrema en el océano con impactos ecológicos y socioeconómicos significativos.
- La gestión eficaz de los recursos marinos se ve obstaculizada por la capacidad disruptiva de los MHW.
- La predicción de los MHW es crucial para la toma de decisiones proactiva y la mejora de la resiliencia del ecosistema marino.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Realizar una evaluación global exhaustiva de la previsibilidad de las PMA.
- Desarrollar y evaluar las previsiones de MHW utilizando un conjunto multimodal de predicciones climáticas.
- Proporcionar información útil a los gestores de los recursos marinos con respecto a la prevención de la MHW.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó un amplio conjunto multimodal de pronósticos climáticos globales.
- Realizó 30 años de pronósticos retrospectivos de MHW que cubren los océanos del mundo.
- Habilidad de pronóstico evaluada para el inicio, la intensidad y la duración de la MHW con plazos de entrega de hasta 12 meses.
Principales resultados:
- El inicio, la intensidad y la duración de la MHW a menudo son predecibles a nivel mundial.
- Las previsiones hábiles de MHW son alcanzables de 1 a 12 meses de antelación.
- La previsibilidad varía según la región, la estación y los modos climáticos como ENSO.
Conclusiones:
- Las previsiones operativas de MHW son factibles, similares a las predicciones meteorológicas extremas.
- Las previsiones probabilísticas pueden capacitar a las partes interesadas para implementar estrategias de gestión basadas en el riesgo.
- Las previsiones de MHW pueden mejorar significativamente la resiliencia climática de los ecosistemas marinos mundiales.
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