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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Genome Copying Errors02:46

Genome Copying Errors

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DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
3.2K
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
3.8K
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

6.6K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.6K
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

14.9K
In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

12.0K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Kathleen H. Burns and Cheuk-Ting Law discuss research in LINEs.

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Transposable Element Activation: A Hallmark of Cancer.

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LINE-1 retrotransposition is a recurrent cause of <i>MET</i> exon 14 skipping in cancer.

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: Characterizing DNA Replication of Pathogenic Repeats to Uncover Mechanisms of Replication Fork Stalling and Expansion
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Author Spotlight: Characterizing DNA Replication of Pathogenic Repeats to Uncover Mechanisms of Replication Fork Stalling and Expansion

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El ADN repetitivo en la enfermedad

Kathleen H Burns1,2

  • 1Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 21, 2022
PubMed
Resumen

Los transposones, elementos genéticos móviles, se examinan cada vez más en la investigación biomédica. Su papel en la enfermedad y la evolución es cada vez más claro.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Genética y Biología Molecular
  • La genómica
  • Investigación biomédica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los transposones, también conocidos como genes saltadores, son secuencias de ADN capaces de cambiar su posición dentro de un genoma.
  • Históricamente vistos como parásitos genómicos, su importancia en los procesos biológicos es cada vez más reconocida.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Explorar el creciente enfoque en los transposones en la investigación biomédica contemporánea.
  • Para resaltar la evolución de la comprensión de las funciones y implicaciones del transposón.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura y síntesis de hallazgos recientes.
  • Análisis de las tendencias en las publicaciones científicas y las subvenciones de investigación relacionadas con los transposones.

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Principales resultados:

  • Un aumento significativo de las publicaciones de investigación y de la financiación dedicadas a los transposones.
  • Evidencia emergente que vincula la actividad de los transposones con varias enfermedades, incluidos el cáncer y los trastornos neurodegenerativos.
  • Reconocimiento de las funciones de los transposones en la evolución y adaptación del genoma.

Conclusiones:

  • Los transposones ya no se consideran simplemente "ADN basura", sino actores críticos en la dinámica del genoma.
  • Una mayor investigación sobre la biología del transposón es crucial para el avance de la ciencia biomédica y el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas.