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Vacunas de ARN circulares contra el SARS-CoV-2 y las variantes emergentes
Liang Qu1, Zongyi Yi2, Yong Shen2
1Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Cell
|April 23, 2022
Resumen
Una nueva vacuna de ARN circular (circRNA) que expresa la proteína del pico del SARS-CoV-2 demostró una protección robusta en modelos animales. Esta vacuna circRNA mostró una producción de antígenos y una respuesta inmune superiores en comparación con las vacunas de ARNm, ofreciendo una amplia protección contra las variantes de preocupación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología
- Inmunología
- Desarrollo de vacunas
Sus antecedentes:
- Las variantes emergentes del SARS-CoV-2 requieren vacunas con mayor eficacia y una protección más amplia.
- Las estrategias de vacunación actuales se enfrentan a desafíos para abordar las cepas virales que mutan rápidamente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar y evaluar una nueva plataforma de vacunas de ARN circular para el SARS-CoV-2.
- Evaluar la inmunogenicidad y la eficacia protectora de las vacunas circRNA contra las variantes del SARS-CoV-2 en modelos preclínicos.
Principales métodos:
- Se diseñó una vacuna circRNA que codifica el RBD trímero de la proteína del pico del SARS-CoV-2.
- La inmunogenicidad se evaluó midiendo los anticuerpos neutralizantes y las respuestas de las células T en ratones y macacos rhesus.
- La eficacia de la vacuna se evaluó contra el desafío del SARS-CoV-2 y se comparó con una vacuna de ARNm modificada.
Principales resultados:
- La vacuna circRNA indujo potentes anticuerpos neutralizantes y respuestas de células T, confiriendo una protección robusta.
- Las vacunas circRNA demostraron una mayor y más duradera producción de antígenos que las vacunas mRNA.
- La vacuna circRNARBD-Delta proporcionó protección contra las variantes Delta y Omicron y sirvió como un refuerzo eficaz.
Conclusiones:
- Las vacunas de ARN circular representan una plataforma prometedora para desarrollar vacunas efectivas contra el SARS-CoV-2.
- La plataforma de vacunas circRNA ofrece ventajas en la producción de antígenos y la durabilidad de la respuesta inmune.
- Una vacuna circRNA dirigida a la variante Delta demostró una amplia eficacia contra las variantes actuales de SARS-CoV-2 de preocupación.
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